Laser ultrafast kū hoʻokahi ʻāpana ʻelua

Kūʻokoʻalaser wikiwiki loaʻāpana ʻelua

Ka laha ʻana a me ka laha ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu: Hoʻopaneʻe pūʻulu
ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia ʻenehana paʻakikī i loaʻa i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā laser ultrafast ke mālama nei i ka lōʻihi o nā pulses ultra-pōkole i hoʻopuka mua ʻia e kalaser. Hiki i nā puʻupuʻu ultrafast ke hiki ke hoʻololi i ka manawa, e hoʻolōʻihi i nā pulu. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia hopena i ka pōkole o ka manawa o ka pulse mua. ʻOiai hiki i nā laser ultrafast ke hoʻokuʻu i nā pulses me ka lōʻihi o 50 kekona, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka manawa ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aniani a me nā lens e hoʻouna i ka pulse i ka wahi i kuhikuhi ʻia, a i ʻole e hoʻouna wale i ka pulse ma o ka ea.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia distortion me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ana i kapa ʻia ʻo group delayed dispersion (GDD), ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ke kauoha lua. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau huaʻōlelo hoʻopuehu kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka manawa o nā pulses ultrafart-laser, akā i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, maʻamau ka lawa ʻana e nānā i ka hopena o ka GDD. ʻO GDD kahi waiwai hilinaʻi alapine e pili ana i ka mānoanoa o kahi mea i hāʻawi ʻia. ʻO nā optics hoʻouna e like me ka lens, window, a me nā ʻāpana pahuhopu i loaʻa nā waiwai GDD maikaʻi, e hōʻike ana i ka manawa i hiki i nā pulupulu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke hāʻawi i nā optics transmission i ka lōʻihi o ka pulse ma mua o nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia eʻōnaehana laser. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o nā ʻāpana me nā alapine haʻahaʻa (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā lōʻihi hawewe lōʻihi) ma mua o nā ʻāpana me nā alapine kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā lōʻihi hawewe pōkole). I ka hele ʻana o ka pulse i nā mea hou aʻe, e hoʻomau ka lōʻihi o ka nalu i ka pulse e hoʻonui i ka manawa. No ka lōʻihi o ka pulse, a no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o nā bandwidth, ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia hopena a hiki ke hopena i ka distortion manawa pulse nui.

Nā noi laser ultrafast
kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi
Mai ka hiki ʻana mai o nā kumu laser ultrafast, ʻo spectroscopy kekahi o kā lākou wahi noi nui. Ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka pulse i nā femtoseconds a i ʻole attoseconds, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā kaʻina hana ikaika i ka physics, chemistry a me biology i hiki ʻole ke nānā i ka mōʻaukala. ʻO kekahi o nā kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia ka neʻe atomika, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka nānā ʻana i ka neʻe atomika i ka ʻike ʻepekema o nā kaʻina kumu e like me ka molecular vibration, molecular dissociation a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu i nā protein photosynthetic.

bioimaging
Kākoʻo nā lasers ultrafast peak-power i nā kaʻina hana ʻole a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻonā no ke kiʻi biological, e like me ka microscopy multi-photon. I loko o kahi ʻōnaehana multi-photon, i mea e hoʻopuka ai i kahi hōʻailona nonlinear mai kahi mea olaola a i ʻole ka pahu fluorescent, pono ʻelua kiʻi kiʻi e uhi i ka lewa a me ka manawa. Hoʻomaikaʻi kēia ʻano hana nonlinear i ka hoʻonā kiʻi ma o ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i nā hōʻailona fluorescence hope e hoʻopilikia i nā haʻawina o nā kaʻina hana hoʻokahi-photon. Hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻailona hōʻailona maʻalahi. ʻO ka ʻāpana hoʻohiwahiwa liʻiliʻi o ka microscope multiphoton kekahi e pale i ka phototoxicity a hōʻemi i ka pōʻino i ka hāpana.

Kiʻi 1: He kiʻi laʻana o ke ala kaola ma kahi hoʻokolohua microscope multi-photon

Ka hana ʻana i nā mea laser
Ua hoʻololi hou nā kumu laser ultrafast i ka micromachining laser a me ka hoʻoili waiwai ma muli o ke ala kūʻokoʻa e launa pū ai nā pulses ultrashort me nā mea. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, i ka wā e kūkākūkā ai i ka LDT, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka lōʻihi o ka pulse ultrafast ma mua o ka manawa o ka laha ʻana o ka wela i ka lattice o ka mea. ʻO nā lasers Ultrafast e hana i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka wela ma mua onā laser pulsed nanosecond, ka hopena i nā poho incision haʻahaʻa a me ka mīkini ʻoi aku ka pololei. Hoʻopili pū ʻia kēia kumumanaʻo i nā noi lapaʻau, kahi i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka pololei o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka ultrafart-laser e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pōʻino i nā ʻiʻo a puni a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike maʻi i ka wā o ka ʻoki laser.

Attosecond pulses: ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā lasers ultrafast
Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi ʻana i nā lasers ultrafast, hoʻomohala ʻia nā kumu kukui hou a me ka lōʻihi o ka pulse. No ka loaʻaʻana o kaʻike i nā kaʻina hana kino wikiwiki, nui ka poʻe noiʻi e nānā ana i ka hanaʻana o nā pulses attosecond - ma kahi o 10-18 s i ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe ultraviolet (XUV). Hāʻawi nā pulse Attosecond i ka nānā ʻana i ka neʻe electron a hoʻomaikaʻi i ko mākou ʻike i ka hoʻolālā uila a me nā mechanics quantum. ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o XUV attosecond lasers i loko o nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana ʻaʻole i holomua nui, ʻo ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka holomua ʻana i ke kula e aneane hiki ke hoʻokuke i kēia ʻenehana mai ka lab a i ka hana ʻana, e like me ka hihia me ka femtosecond a me ka picosecond.puna laser.