Modulator electro-optic hana kiʻekiʻe: modulator lithium niobate ʻili lahilahi

Mea hoʻololi electro-optic hana kiʻekiʻe:modulator lithium niobate ʻili lahilahi

He mea hoʻololi electro-optical (Mea hoʻololi EOM) he modulator i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena electro-optical o kekahi mau kristal electro-optical, hiki ke hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona uila wikiwiki i nā mea kamaʻilio i nā hōʻailona optical. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka kristal electro-optic i kahi kahua uila i hoʻopili ʻia, e loli ka index refractive o ka kristal electro-optic, a e loli pū nā ʻano nalu optical o ke kristal, i mea e ʻike ai i ka modulation o ka amplitude, phase a me ke kūlana polarization o ka hōʻailona optical, a hoʻololi i ka hōʻailona uila wikiwiki i loko o ka mea kamaʻilio i kahi hōʻailona optical ma o ka modulation.

I kēia manawa, aia ʻekolu mau ʻano nui onā mea hoʻololi electro-opticma ka mākeke: nā modulators i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka silicon, nā modulators indium phosphide a me ka ʻili lahilahimea hoʻololi lithium niobate. I waena o lākou, ʻaʻohe coefficient electro-optical pololei o ka silicon, ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka hana, kūpono wale no ka hana ʻana o ka modulator transceiver module transceiver transmission data mamao pōkole, ʻoiai kūpono ka indium phosphide no ka modulator transceiver pūnaewele kamaʻilio optical mamao waena-lōʻihi, akā kiʻekiʻe loa nā koi o ke kaʻina hana hoʻohui, kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai, a ua kau ʻia kekahi mau palena o ka noi. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻaʻole wale ka waiwai o ka kristal lithium niobate i ka hopena photoelectric, ʻo ka hopena photorefractive i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, ka hopena nonlinear, ka hopena electro-optical, ka hopena optical acoustic, ka hopena piezoelectric a me ka hopena thermoelectric ua like ia me hoʻokahi, a mahalo i kona ʻano lattice a me ke ʻano kīnā waiwai, hiki ke hoʻoponopono nui ʻia nā waiwai he nui o ka lithium niobate e ka haku mele kristal, ka doping element, ka mana o ka mokuʻāina valence, a pēlā aku. E hoʻokō i ka hana photoelectric kiʻekiʻe, e like me ke coefficient electro-optical a hiki i ka 30.9pm/V, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka indium phosphide, a he hopena chirp liʻiliʻi (hopena chirp: pili i ka hanana e loli ai ke alapine i loko o ka pulse me ka manawa i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoili pulse laser. ʻO ka hopena chirp nui aʻe ka hopena i ka ratio signal-to-noise haʻahaʻa a me ka hopena nonlinear), kahi ratio extinction maikaʻi (ka ratio mana awelika o ke kūlana "on" o ka hōʻailona i kona kūlana "off"), a me ke kūpaʻa o ka hāmeʻa kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano hana o ka modulator lithium niobate kiʻi lahilahi mai ka modulator silicon-based a me ka modulator indium phosphide e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano modulation nonlinear, kahi e hoʻohana ai i ka hopena electro-optical linear e hoʻouka i ka hōʻailona modulated uila ma luna o ka mea lawe optical, a ʻo ka helu modulation e hoʻoholo nui ʻia e ka hana o ka electrode microwave, no laila hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka wikiwiki modulation kiʻekiʻe a me ka linearity a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa. Ma muli o nā mea i luna, ua lilo ka lithium niobate i koho kūpono no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā modulators electro-optic kiʻekiʻe, nona ka laulā o nā noi ma nā pūnaewele kamaʻilio optical coherent 100G/400G a me nā kikowaena ʻikepili ultra-high-speed, a hiki ke hoʻokō i nā mamao hoʻoili lōʻihi o mua o 100 kilomita.

ʻO ka Lithium niobate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokahuli o ka "photon revolution", ʻoiai ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka silicon a me ka indium phosphide he nui nā pono, akā ʻike pinepine ʻia ia ma ke ʻano o kahi mea nui i loko o ka hāmeʻa, ua kaupalena ʻia ka mālamalama i ka plane waveguide i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ion diffusion a i ʻole ka proton exchange, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa refractive index he liʻiliʻi pinepine ia (e pili ana i 0.02), nui ka nui o ka hāmeʻa. He paʻakikī ke hoʻokō i nā pono o ka miniaturization a me ka hoʻohui ʻana onā mea hana maka, a ʻokoʻa nō kāna laina hana mai ka laina hana microelectronics maoli, a aia kahi pilikia o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, no laila ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻili lahilahi kahi kuhikuhi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi no ka lithium niobate i hoʻohana ʻia i nā modulators electro-optical.