Nā ʻāpana hiʻona kumu o nā mea nānā kiʻi hōʻailona optical

Nā ʻāpana hiʻona kumu o ka hōʻailona opticalnā mea nānā kiʻi:

Ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā photodetectors, nā ʻāpana hiʻohiʻona o ka hana hana onā mea nānā kiʻi hōʻailona ʻōpikaua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i ka pane ʻana, ka pane spectral, ka noise equivalent power (NEP), ka ʻike kikoʻī, a me ka ʻike kikoʻī. D*), quantum efficiency, a me ka manawa pane.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka responsivity Rd e ʻike i ka naʻau pane o ka hāmeʻa i ka ikehu radiation optical. Hōʻike ʻia ia e ka ratio o ka hōʻailona puka i ka hōʻailona hanana. ʻAʻole hōʻike kēia hiʻohiʻona i nā hiʻohiʻona walaʻau o ka hāmeʻa, akā ʻo ka pono wale nō o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu radiation electromagnetic i kēia manawa a i ʻole ka uila. No laila, ʻokoʻa paha me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ka hōʻailona kukui hanana. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona pane mana he hana hoʻi o ka bias i hoʻopili ʻia a me ka mahana ambient.

2. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona pane spectral kahi ʻāpana e hōʻike ana i ka pilina ma waena o ke ʻano pane mana o ka mea hōʻailona hōʻailona a me ka hana o ka hawewe o ka hōʻailona optical hanana. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona pane kikoʻī o nā kiʻi kiʻi hōʻailona optical ma nā lōʻihi hawewe like ʻole e wehewehe ʻia me ka "spectral response curve". Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona pane spectral kiʻekiʻe wale nō i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka waiwai kūʻokoʻa, a ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona pane spectral ʻē aʻe ma nā lōʻihi nalu like ʻole e hōʻike ʻia e nā waiwai pili maʻamau e pili ana i ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe o nā hiʻohiʻona pane spectral.

3. ʻO ka mana like ka walaʻau ʻo ia ka mana hōʻailona māmā i koi ʻia ke like ka mana o ka hōʻailona hoʻopuka i hana ʻia e ka mea ʻike hōʻailona opi me ka pae uila uila o ka hāmeʻa ponoʻī. ʻO ia ka mea nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hōʻailona hōʻailona hiki ke ana ʻia e ka mea ʻike maka, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻike ʻike.

4. ʻO ka ʻike ʻike kikoʻī kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano kūlohelohe o ka mea photosensitive o ka mea ʻike. Hōʻike ia i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hiki ke ana ʻia e kahi mea ʻike hōʻailona optical. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kona waiwai e like me nā kūlana hana o ka ʻike hawewe lōʻihi o ka hōʻailona māmā i ana ʻia (e like me ka mahana ambient, hoʻopili ʻia, etc.). ʻOi aku ka nui o ka bandwidth detector, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāpana ʻike hōʻailona optical, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka leo like me ka mana NEP, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike kikoʻī kikoʻī. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka mea ʻike ʻo ia ka mea kūpono no ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona optical nāwaliwali loa.

5. ʻO ka quantum efficiency Q kekahi mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ka ʻike ʻike hōʻailona. Ua wehewehe ʻia e like me ka lakio o ka helu o nā "pane" i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka photomon i ka mea ʻike i ka helu o nā kiʻi kiʻi ma ka ʻili o ka mea photosensitive. No ka laʻana, no nā mea ʻike hōʻailona māmā e hana ana ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka photon, ʻo ka quantum efficiency ka ratio o ka helu o nā photoelectrons i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka ʻili o ka mea photosensitive i ka helu o nā kiʻi o ka hōʻailona i ana ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili. I loko o kahi mea ʻike hōʻailona optical e hoʻohana ana i ka pn junction semiconductor material e like me nā mea photosensitive, ua helu ʻia ka quantum efficiency o ka mea ʻike ma ka puʻunaue ʻana i ka helu o nā lua electron i hana ʻia e ka hōʻailona kukui i ana ʻia e ka helu o nā photons hōʻailona hanana. ʻO kekahi hōʻike maʻamau o ka pono quantum o kahi mea ʻike hōʻailona optical ma o ke kuleana o ka mea ʻike Rd.

6. ʻO ka manawa pane he mea koʻikoʻi ia e hōʻike i ka wikiwiki o ka pane ʻana o ka mea ʻike hōʻailona optical i ka hoʻololi ikaika o ka hōʻailona kukui i ana ʻia. Ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hōʻailona kukui i ke ʻano o ka pulse māmā, ʻo ka ikaika o ka pulse uila hōʻailona i hana ʻia e kāna hana ma ka mea ʻike pono e "ala" i ka "puʻu" pili ma hope o kekahi manawa pane, a mai ka " peak" a laila hāʻule hou i ka "waiwai zero" mua e pili ana i ka hana o ka pulse māmā. No ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pane o ka mea ʻike i ka hoʻololi ikaika o ka hōʻailona kukui i ana ʻia, ʻo ka manawa e piʻi ai ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona uila i hana ʻia e ka hanana ʻana o ka pulse māmā mai kona waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa o 10% a 90% i kapa ʻia ʻo "rise". manawa", a ʻo ka manawa i hāʻule ai ka hawewe pulse hōʻailona uila mai kona waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa o 90% a 10% i kapa ʻia ʻo "manawa hāʻule" a i ʻole "manawa pala".

7. ʻO ka linearity pane kekahi mea koʻikoʻi hiʻohiʻona e hōʻike ana i ka pilina hana ma waena o ka pane o ka mea ʻike hōʻailona optical a me ka ikaika o ka hanana i ana i ka hōʻailona māmā. Pono ia i ka puka o kamea ʻike ʻike makae kūlike i loko o kekahi ʻano o ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona optical i ana ʻia. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i wehewehe ʻia ʻo ka pākēneka o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ka linearity hoʻokomo-puka i loko o ka laulā i ʻōlelo ʻia o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona hōʻailona ʻo ia ka linearity pane o ka mea hōʻailona hōʻailona.