Nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona kumu o nā mea ʻike kiʻi hōʻailona optical

Nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona kumu o ka hōʻailona opticalnā mea nānā kiʻi:

Ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā photodetectors, nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka hana hana onā mea ʻike kiʻi hōʻailona opticalua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia. ʻO kēia mau ʻano e pili ana i ka pane ʻana, ka pane spectral, ka mana like walaʻau (NEP), ka ʻike kikoʻī, a me ka ʻike kikoʻī. D*), ka pono quantum, a me ka manawa pane.

1. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo responsivity Rd e wehewehe i ka ʻike pane o ka hāmeʻa i ka ikehu radiation optical. Hōʻike ʻia ia e ka lakio o ka hōʻailona hoʻopuka i ka hōʻailona hanana. ʻAʻole hōʻike kēia ʻano i nā ʻano walaʻau o ka hāmeʻa, akā ʻo ka pono wale nō o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu radiation electromagnetic i ke au a i ʻole ka voltage. No laila, hiki ke ʻokoʻa me ka nalu o ka hōʻailona kukui hanana. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻano pane mana he hana nō hoʻi ia o ka bias i hoʻopili ʻia a me ka mahana ambient.

2. ʻO ke ʻano pane spectral kahi palena e wehewehe ana i ka pilina ma waena o ke ʻano pane mana o ka mea ʻike hōʻailona optical a me ka hana wavelength o ka hōʻailona optical incident. ʻO nā ʻano pane spectral o nā photodetectors hōʻailona optical ma nā nalu like ʻole e wehewehe pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano quantitative e ka "spectral response curve". Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā ʻano pane spectral kiʻekiʻe loa i loko o ka curve i hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka waiwai paʻa, a ʻo nā ʻano pane spectral ʻē aʻe ma nā nalu like ʻole e hōʻike ʻia e nā waiwai pili maʻamau e pili ana i ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa o nā ʻano pane spectral.

3. ʻO ka mana like o ka walaʻau ka mana hōʻailona kukui i koi ʻia i ka wā e like ai ka volta hōʻailona puka i hana ʻia e ka mea ʻike hōʻailona optical me ka pae volta walaʻau kūlohelohe o ka hāmeʻa ponoʻī. ʻO ia ke kumu nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka ikaika hōʻailona optical haʻahaʻa loa e hiki ke ana ʻia e ka mea ʻike hōʻailona optical, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻike ʻike.

4. ʻO ke ʻano ʻike kikoʻī kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano kūlohelohe o ka mea photosensitive o ka mea ʻike. Hōʻike ia i ka haʻahaʻa loa o ke kahe o ke kahe o ka photon hiki ke ana ʻia e kahi mea ʻike hōʻailona optical. Hiki ke loli kona waiwai e like me nā kūlana hana o ka mea ʻike wavelength o ka hōʻailona kukui i ana ʻia (e like me ka mahana ambient, ka bias i hoʻopili ʻia, a pēlā aku). ʻO ka nui o ka bandwidth o ka mea ʻike, ʻo ka nui o ka wahi o ka mea ʻike hōʻailona optical, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka mana like o ka walaʻau NEP, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike kikoʻī. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike kikoʻī o ka mea ʻike, ʻo ia hoʻi he kūpono ia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona optical nāwaliwali loa.

5. ʻO ka pono Quantum Q kekahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka mea ʻike hōʻailona optical. Ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia ka lakio o ka helu o nā "pane" hiki ke helu ʻia i hana ʻia e ka photomon i loko o ka mea ʻike i ka helu o nā photons i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka mea photosensitive. No ka laʻana, no nā mea ʻike hōʻailona kukui e hana ana ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka photon, ʻo ka pono quantum ka lakio o ka helu o nā photoelectrons i hoʻopili ʻia mai ka ʻili o ka mea photosensitive i ka helu o nā photons o ka hōʻailona i ana ʻia i hoʻolālā ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili. I loko o kahi mea ʻike hōʻailona optical e hoʻohana ana i ka mea semiconductor pn junction ma ke ʻano he mea photosensitive, ua helu ʻia ka pono quantum o ka mea ʻike ma ka puʻunaue ʻana i ka helu o nā hui lua electron i hana ʻia e ka hōʻailona kukui i ana ʻia e ka helu o nā photons hōʻailona hanana. ʻO kekahi hōʻike maʻamau o ka pono quantum o kahi mea ʻike hōʻailona optical ma o ke ʻano o ka responsivity Rd o ka mea ʻike.

6. He mea nui ka manawa pane e wehewehe i ka wikiwiki o ka pane ʻana o ka mea ʻike hōʻailona optical i ka loli o ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona kukui i ana ʻia. Ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hōʻailona kukui i ana ʻia i ke ʻano o ka pulse kukui, pono ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona uila pulse i hana ʻia e kāna hana ma ka mea ʻike e "piʻi" i ka "kiʻekiʻe" like ma hope o kekahi manawa pane, a mai ka "kiʻekiʻe" a laila hāʻule hou i ka "waiwai zero" mua e pili ana i ka hana o ka pulse kukui. I mea e wehewehe ai i ka pane a ka mea ʻike i ka loli o ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona kukui i ana ʻia, ʻo ka manawa e piʻi ai ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona uila i hana ʻia e ka pulse kukui i hoʻoulu ʻia mai kona waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa o 10% a 90% ua kapa ʻia ʻo "manawa piʻi", a ʻo ka manawa e hāʻule ai ke ʻano o ka nalu pulse hōʻailona uila mai kona waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa o 90% a 10% ua kapa ʻia ʻo "manawa hāʻule" a i ʻole "manawa palaho".

7. ʻO ka linearity pane kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi e wehewehe ana i ka pilina hana ma waena o ka pane o ka mea ʻike hōʻailona optical a me ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona kukui i ana ʻia. Pono ia i ka hoʻopuka o kamea ʻike hōʻailona opticale kūlike i loko o kahi pae o ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona optical i ana ʻia. Hoʻākāka pinepine ʻia ʻo ka pakeneka ʻokoʻa mai ka linearity input-output i loko o ka pae i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka ikaika hōʻailona optical input ʻo ia ka linearity pane o ka mea ʻike hōʻailona optical.