ʻO ka ʻike kiʻi avalanche bipolar ʻelua

Bipolar ʻelua ʻāpanaʻike kiʻi avalanche

ʻO ka mea ʻike kiʻi avalanche bipolar ʻelua (ʻIke kiʻi APD) loaʻa ka leo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻike ʻike kiʻekiʻe

ʻO ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​paʻi kiʻi hoʻokahi he mau manaʻo noi nui ma nā kula e like me ke kiʻi māmā nāwaliwali, ka ʻike mamao a me ka telemetry, a me ke kamaʻilio quantum. I waena o lākou, ua lilo ka avalanche photodetector (APD) i alakaʻi koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua o ka noiʻi optoelectronic device ma muli o kona mau hiʻohiʻona o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻohui maʻalahi. ʻO ka ratio signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka photodetector APD, e koi ana i ka loaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka pōʻeleʻele. ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana ma van der Waals heterojunctions o nā mea ʻelua-dimensional (2D) e hōʻike ana i nā manaʻo ākea i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā APD hana kiʻekiʻe. Ua koho nā kānaka noiʻi mai Kina i ka bipolar two-dimensional semiconductor material WSe₂ ma ke ʻano he kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi a hoʻomākaukau pono ʻia ka mea nānā kiʻi APD me kahi hoʻolālā Pt/WSe₂/Ni i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana hana hoʻohālikelike, i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia o ka walaʻau o ka APD photodetector kuʻuna.

Ua noi ka hui noiʻi i kahi mea nānā kiʻi avalanche e pili ana i ka hale Pt/WSe₂/Ni, i loaʻa i ka ʻike makaʻala loa o nā hōʻailona māmā nāwaliwali loa ma ka pae fW ma ka wela lumi. Ua koho lākou i nā mea semiconductor ʻelua-dimensional WSe₂, nona nā waiwai uila maikaʻi loa, a hui pū ʻia nā mea electrode Pt a me Ni e hoʻomohala i kahi ʻano hou o ka avalanche photodetector. Ma ka hoʻopololei pololei ʻana i ka hana hana ma waena o Pt, WSe₂ a me Ni, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi mīkini lawe kaʻa e hiki ke pale pono i nā mea lawe ʻeleʻele ʻoiai e ʻae ana i nā mea lawe kiʻi kiʻi e hele. Hoʻemi nui kēia mīkini i ka walaʻau nui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ionization hopena o ka mea lawe, hiki i ka photodetector ke hoʻokō i ka ʻike hōʻailona optical koʻikoʻi ma kahi pae haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

A laila, i mea e wehewehe ai i ka mīkini ma hope o ka hopena avalanche i hoʻoulu ʻia e ke kahua uila nāwaliwali, ua loiloi mua nā mea noiʻi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā hana hana o nā metala like ʻole me WSe₂. Ua hana ʻia kahi ʻano o nā mea metala-semiconductor-metal (MSM) me nā electrodes metala like ʻole a ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ma luna o lākou. Eia kekahi, ma ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka hoʻopuehu mea lawe ma mua o ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka avalanche, hiki ke hoʻemiʻia ka randomness o ka ionization hopena, a laila e ho'ēmi i ka walaʻau. No laila, ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kūpono. No ka hōʻike hou aku i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o Pt / WSe₂ / Ni APD ma ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona pane manawa, loiloi hou nā mea noiʻi i ka bandwidth -3 dB o ka hāmeʻa ma lalo o nā waiwai loaʻa photoelectric like ʻole.

Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻokolohua e hōʻike ana ka mea ʻike Pt/WSe₂/Ni i ka mana like haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (NEP) ma ka wela lumi, ʻo ia wale nō 8.07 fW/√Hz. ʻO ia ke ʻano hiki i ka mea ʻike ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona optical nāwaliwali loa. Eia hou, hiki i kēia mea hana ke hana paʻa i ka modulation frequency o 20 kHz me ka loaʻa kiʻekiʻe o 5 × 10⁵, me ka hoʻoholo maikaʻi i ka bottleneck ʻenehana o nā mea ʻike photovoltaic maʻamau i paʻakikī ke kaulike i ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe a me ka bandwidth. Manaʻo ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e hāʻawi iā ia i nā pōmaikaʻi nui i nā noi e koi ana i ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe a me ka leo haʻahaʻa.

Hōʻike kēia noiʻi i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻenekinia waiwai a me ka loiloi interface i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana onā mea nānā kiʻi. Ma o ka hoʻolālā akamai o nā electrodes a me nā mea ʻelua-dimensional, ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi hopena pale o nā mea lawe ʻeleʻele, e hōʻemi nui ana i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka walaʻau a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana i ka pono ʻike.

ʻAʻole ʻike wale ʻia ka hana o kēia mea ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona photoelectric, akā loaʻa pū kekahi i nā manaʻo noi ākea. Me kona pale pono ʻana i ke au ʻeleʻele ma ka lumi wela a me ka hoʻopili pono ʻana o nā mea lawe kiʻi kiʻi, kūpono loa kēia mea ʻike no ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona māmā nāwaliwali ma nā kula e like me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka nānā ʻana i ka astronomical, a me ke kamaʻilio optical. ʻAʻole hāʻawi kēia ʻimi noiʻi i nā manaʻo hou no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kiʻi kiʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā kuhikuhi hou no ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka mana haʻahaʻa optoelectronic.