Mea ʻike kiʻi avalanche ʻelua-dimensional Bipolar

ʻElua-dimensional Bipolarmea ʻike kiʻi avalanche

ʻO ka mea ʻike kiʻi avalanche ʻelua-dimensional bipolar (Mea ʻike kiʻi APD) hoʻokō i ka walaʻau haʻahaʻa loa a me ka ʻike ʻike kiʻekiʻe

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau photons a i ʻole nā ​​photons hoʻokahi he mau manaʻolana koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma nā kahua e like me ke kiʻi mālamalama nāwaliwali, ka ʻike mamao a me ka telemetry, a me ke kamaʻilio quantum. I waena o lākou, ua lilo ka photodetector avalanche (APD) i kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua o ka noiʻi hāmeʻa optoelectronic ma muli o kona ʻano o ka liʻiliʻi, ka pono kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻohui maʻalahi. ʻO ka lākiō signal-to-noise (SNR) kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka photodetector APD, kahi e koi ai i ka loaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ke au pouli haʻahaʻa. Hōʻike ka noiʻi ʻana ma nā heterojunctions van der Waals o nā mea ʻelua-dimensional (2D) i nā manaʻolana ākea i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā APD hana kiʻekiʻe. Ua koho nā kānaka noiʻi mai Kina mai i ka mea semiconductor bipolar ʻelua-dimensional WSe₂ ma ke ʻano he mea photosensitive a ua hoʻomākaukau pono ʻia ka photodetector APD me kahi ʻano Pt/WSe₂/Ni i loaʻa ka hana hana kūpono maikaʻi loa, i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia walaʻau loaʻa kūlohelohe o ka photodetector APD kuʻuna.

Ua hāpai ka hui noiʻi i kahi photodetector avalanche e pili ana i ka ʻano Pt/WSe₂/Ni, kahi i loaʻa ai ka ʻike koʻikoʻi loa o nā hōʻailona mālamalama nāwaliwali loa ma ka pae fW ma ka mahana o ka lumi. Ua koho lākou i ka mea semiconductor ʻelua-dimensional WSe₂, nona nā waiwai uila maikaʻi loa, a ua hui pū ʻia nā mea electrode Pt a me Ni e hoʻomohala pono i kahi ʻano photodetector avalanche hou. Ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi pololei ʻana i ka hana hana ma waena o Pt, WSe₂ a me Ni, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi ʻano halihali e hiki ke pale pono i nā mea lawe ʻeleʻele me ka ʻae ʻana i nā mea lawe photogenerated e hele. Hoʻemi nui kēia ʻano hana i ka walaʻau nui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ionization hopena o ka mea lawe, e hiki ai i ka photodetector ke hoʻokō i ka ʻike hōʻailona optical koʻikoʻi loa ma kahi pae walaʻau haʻahaʻa loa.

A laila, i mea e wehewehe ai i ke ʻano hana ma hope o ka hopena avalanche i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kahua uila nāwaliwali, ua loiloi mua nā mea noiʻi i ka kūlike o nā hana hana kūlohelohe o nā metala like ʻole me WSe₂. Ua hana ʻia kekahi mau mea hana metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) me nā electrodes metala like ʻole a ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua pili ma luna o lākou. Eia kekahi, ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka mea lawe ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka avalanche, hiki ke hoʻēmi ʻia ka randomness o ka ionization hopena, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka walaʻau. No laila, ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua pili. No ka hōʻike hou aku i ka maikaʻi o Pt/WSe₂/Ni APD ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano pane manawa, ua loiloi hou nā mea noiʻi i ka bandwidth -3 dB o ka hāmeʻa ma lalo o nā waiwai loaʻa photoelectric like ʻole.

Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻokolohua e hōʻike ana ka mea ʻike Pt/WSe₂/Ni i kahi mana like walaʻau haʻahaʻa loa (NEP) ma ka mahana o ka lumi, ʻo ia wale nō 8.07 fW/√Hz. ʻO ke ʻano kēia e hiki i ka mea ʻike ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona optical nāwaliwali loa. Eia kekahi, hiki i kēia mea hana ke hana paʻa ma kahi alapine modulation o 20 kHz me ka loaʻa kiʻekiʻe o 5 × 10⁵, e hoʻoponopono pono ana i ka bottleneck loea o nā mea ʻike photovoltaic kuʻuna i paʻakikī ke kaulike i ka loaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka bandwidth. Manaʻo ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e hāʻawi iā ia i nā pono koʻikoʻi i nā noi e pono ai ka loaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka walaʻau haʻahaʻa.

Hōʻike kēia noiʻi i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻenekinia mea a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka interface i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana onā mea nānā kiʻiMa o ka hoʻolālā akamai o nā electrodes a me nā mea ʻelua-dimensional, ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi hopena pale o nā mea lawe ʻeleʻele, e hōʻemi nui ana i ka hoʻopilikia walaʻau a hoʻomaikaʻi hou aku i ka pono o ka ʻike ʻana.

ʻAʻole wale ka hana o kēia mea ʻike i hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻano photoelectric, akā he mau manaʻolana hoʻohana ākea hoʻi. Me kona pale pono ʻana i ke au pouli ma ka mahana o ka lumi a me ka omo pono ʻana o nā mea lawe photogenerated, kūpono loa kēia mea ʻike no ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona mālamalama nāwaliwali ma nā kahua e like me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka nānā ʻana i nā hōkū, a me ke kamaʻilio optical. ʻAʻole wale kēia hoʻokō noiʻi e hāʻawi i nā manaʻo hou no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea ʻike kiʻi mea haʻahaʻa-dimensional, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā kuhikuhi hou no ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hana optoelectronic hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka mana haʻahaʻa.