ʻO ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā wahi wela o ka hōʻailona hōʻailona microwave i ka microwave optoelectronics

Microwave optoelectronics, e like me ka inoa i hōʻike ʻia, ʻo ia ka hui o ka microwave a meoptoelectronics. ʻO nā nalu uila a me nā nalu māmā he mau hawewe electromagnetic, a ʻo nā alapine he nui nā kauoha o ka nui, a he ʻokoʻa loa nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻenehana i hoʻomohala ʻia i kā lākou mau māla. I ka hui pū ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana pono i kekahi i kekahi, akā hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa nā noi hou a me nā hiʻohiʻona paʻakikī e hoʻomaopopo i kēlā me kēia.

ʻO ke kamaʻilio OpticalHe laʻana nui ia o ka hui ʻana o nā microwaves a me nā photoelectrons. ʻO ke kelepona mua a me ke kelepona kelepona ʻole, ka hanauna, ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona, ​​nā mea hana microwave i hoʻohana ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hawewe electromagnetic haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no ka mea liʻiliʻi ke alapine a me ka liʻiliʻi o ke kahawai no ka hoʻouna ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻonā e hoʻonui i ke alapine o ka hōʻailona i hoʻouna ʻia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke alapine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai spectrum. Akā ʻo ka hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe i ka nalowale o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ea he nui, akā maʻalahi hoʻi e pale ʻia e nā mea pale. Inā hoʻohanaʻia ke kaula, nui ka poho o ke kaula, a he pilikia ka hoʻouna lōʻihi. ʻO ka puka ʻana o ke kamaʻilio fiber optical kahi hopena maikaʻi i kēia mau pilikia.ʻO ka fiber Opticalloaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a he mea lawe maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona ma kahi lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku o ke alapinepine o nā nalu māmā ma mua o ka microwaves a hiki ke hoʻouna i nā ala like ʻole i ka manawa like. Ma muli o kēia mau pono ohoʻoili ʻike maka, Ua lilo ke kama'ilio fiber optical i ka iwi kuamo'o o ka ho'ouna 'ike i kēia mau lā.
He moʻolelo lōʻihi ko Optical kamaʻilio, noiʻi a me ka noi ʻana he nui loa a ʻoi, ʻaʻole e ʻōlelo hou aku. Hoʻopuka nui kēia pepa i ka ʻike noiʻi hou o ka microwave optoelectronics i nā makahiki i hala aku nei ma waho o ka kamaʻilio optical. Hoʻohana nui ka Microwave optoelectronics i nā ʻano a me nā ʻenehana i ke kahua o ka optoelectronics ma ke ʻano he mea lawe e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻokō i ka hana a me ka noi paʻakikī e hoʻokō me nā ʻāpana uila microwave kuʻuna. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka noi, ʻo ia ka mea nui i nā ʻano ʻekolu.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā optoelectronics e hana i nā hōʻailona microwave haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, mai ka X-band a hiki i ka THz band.
ʻO ka lua, ka hana hōʻailona microwave. Me ka lohi, kānana, hoʻololi pinepine, loaʻa a pēlā aku.
ʻO ke kolu, ka lawe ʻana i nā hōʻailona analog.

Ma kēia ʻatikala, hoʻopuka wale ka mea kākau i ka hapa mua, ka hanauna o ka hōʻailona microwave. Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ka hawewe millimeter microwave kuʻuna e nā ʻāpana microelectronic iii_V. Loaʻa i kāna mau palena nā helu penei: ʻO ka mea mua, i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe e like me 100GHz ma luna, hiki i nā microelectronics kuʻuna ke hana i ka liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka mana, i ka hōʻailona THz kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana. ʻO ka lua, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka walaʻau a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻa pinepine, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ka hāmeʻa kumu ma kahi ʻano wela haʻahaʻa loa. ʻO ke kolu, paʻakikī ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi ākea ākea o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka frequency modulation frequency. No ka hoʻoponopono i kēia mau pilikia, hiki i ka ʻenehana optoelectronic ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana. Ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻano kumu nui ma lalo nei.

1. Ma o ka ʻokoʻa alapine o nā hōʻailona laser alapine like ʻole, hoʻohana ʻia kahi photodetector kiʻekiʻe-frequency e hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona microwave, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 1.

Kiʻi 1. Kiʻikuhi kiʻi o nā microwave i hana ʻia e ka ʻokoʻa pinepine o ʻeluanā lasers.

ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o kēia ʻano hana maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka hawewe millimeter kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka hōʻailona pinepine THz, a ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke alapine o ka laser hiki ke hoʻokō i ka nui o ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana, sweep frequency. ʻO ka hemahema ʻo ia ka nui o ka laina laina a i ʻole ka leo o ka ʻokoʻa i hana ʻia e ʻelua mau hōʻailona laser pili ʻole, a ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka paʻa pinepine, ʻoiai inā he laser semiconductor me kahi leo liʻiliʻi akā he laina laina nui (~MHz). hoʻohana ʻia. Inā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka ʻōnaehana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā leo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (~kHz) i nā lasers solid-state,nā laser fiber, lua wahonā laser semiconductor, etc. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻano ʻelua ʻokoʻa o nā hōʻailona laser i hana ʻia i loko o ka lua laser hoʻokahi e hana i kahi alapine ʻokoʻa, no laila e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hana kūpaʻa o ka microwave frequency.

2. I mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia o nā lasers ʻelua ma ke ʻano ma mua he incoherent a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka walaʻau hōʻailona i hana ʻia, hiki ke loaʻa ka coherence ma waena o nā laser ʻelua ma o ke ʻano hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka manawa hoʻopaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka pae manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole. kaapuni laka. Hōʻike ka Figure 2 i kahi noi maʻamau o ka laka injection no ka hoʻohua ʻana i nā microwave lehulehu (Figure 2). Ma ka hoʻokomo pololei ʻana i nā hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka laser semiconductor, a i ʻole ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi modulator LinBO3-phase, hiki ke hana ʻia nā hōʻailona optical he nui o nā alapine like ʻole me ka spacing alapine like ʻole, a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohui i nā alapine optical. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke ala maʻamau e loaʻa ai kahi ʻāpana ākea ākea ākea ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi laser paʻa mode. E koho ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻelua i loko o ka huila alapine optical i hana ʻia ma ke kānana ʻana a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka laser 1 a me 2 no ka ʻike ʻana i ke alapine a me ka laka paʻa. No ka mea, ua paʻa ka pae ma waena o nā hōʻailona hui like ʻole o ka huila alapine optical, i paʻa ka pae pili ma waena o nā laser ʻelua, a laila ma ke ʻano o ka ʻokoʻa e like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, ka hōʻailona microwave multi-fold frequency o ka hiki ke loaʻa i ka helu hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka alapine optical.

Kiʻi 2. Kiʻikuhi kiʻi o ka hōʻailona hoʻopālua pinepine microwave i hana ʻia e ka laka pinepine ʻana.
ʻO kahi ala ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi ai i ka walaʻau pili o nā laser ʻelua, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka PLL optical feedback maikaʻi ʻole, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 3.

Kiʻi 3. Hōʻike kiʻi kiʻi o OPL.

ʻO ke kumu o ka optical PLL e like me ka PLL ma ke kahua o ka uila. Hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa o nā laser ʻelua i hōʻailona uila e ke kiʻi kiʻi (e like me ka ʻāpana ʻāpana), a laila loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā laser ʻelua ma ka hana ʻana i kahi alapine ʻokoʻa me kahi kumu hōʻailona microwave kuhikuhi, i hoʻonui ʻia. a kānana a laila hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka ʻāpana hoʻokele alapine o kekahi o nā lasers (no nā lasers semiconductor, ʻo ia ka manawa injection). Ma o kēlā ʻano puka mana manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pae alapine pili ma waena o nā hōʻailona laser ʻelua i ka hōʻailona microwave kuhikuhi. Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia ka hōʻailona optical i hui ʻia ma o nā fiber optical i kahi photodetector ma kahi ʻē aʻe a hoʻololi ʻia i hōʻailona microwave. Ua aneane like ka leo o ka leo o ka microwave me ka leo kuhikuhi i loko o ka bandwidth o ka loop-locked negative feedback loop. ʻO ka walaʻau o ka pae ma waho o ka bandwidth ua like ia me ka walaʻau pili o nā lasers pili ʻole ʻelua.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kumu hōʻailona microwave e nā kumu hōʻailona ʻē aʻe ma o ka pālua pinepine ʻana, ke alapine divisor, a i ʻole ka hana alapine ʻē aʻe, i hiki ke hoʻonui pālua ʻia ka hōʻailona microwave haʻahaʻa, a i ʻole i hoʻololi ʻia i nā hōʻailona RF, THz kiʻekiʻe.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka laka pinepine ʻana o ka injection hiki ke loaʻa wale i ka pālua pinepine, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā puka lou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hiki ke hana i nā alapine like ʻole, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka hui alapine optical i hana ʻia e ka modulator photoelectric ma ke Kiʻi 2 ma ke ʻano he kumu kukui, a hoʻohana ʻia ka loop loop-locked loop no ka laka koho ʻana i ke alapine o nā laser ʻelua i nā hōʻailona hui ʻelua, a laila hoʻopuka. nā hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe ma o ke alapine ʻokoʻa, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 4. ʻO f1 a me f2 nā alapine hōʻailona kuhikuhi o nā PLLS ʻelua, a me ka hōʻailona microwave o N*frep+f1+f2 hiki ke hana ʻia e ka ʻokoʻa alapine ma waena o ka ʻelua lasers.

Kiʻi 4. Kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o ka hana ʻana i nā alapine kūʻokoʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huila alapine optical a me PLLS.

3. E hoʻohana i ke ʻano-locked pulse laser no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hōʻailona pulse optical i ka hōʻailona microwave ma omea nānā kiʻi.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o kēia ʻano hana, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻailona me ka paʻa pinepine a me ka leo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke alapine o ka laser i kahi kikoʻī hoʻololi atomic a me ka molecular transition spectrum, a i ʻole kahi lua optical paʻa paʻa, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi hōʻailona pulse optical paʻa loa me he paʻa paʻa ka hana hou ʻana, i loaʻa ai ka hōʻailona microwave me ka leo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Helu 5.

Kiʻi 5. Ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka walaʻau ʻāpana pili o nā kumu hōʻailona like ʻole.

Eia nō naʻe, no ka like ʻole o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka pulse me ka lōʻihi o ka lua o ka laser, a ʻo ka laser paʻa kuʻuna maʻamau, paʻakikī ke kiʻi pololei i nā hōʻailona microwave. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui, ke kaumaha a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu o nā laser pulsed kuʻuna, a me nā koi kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi, e kaupalena i kā lākou noi noiʻi. No ka lanakila ʻana i kēia mau pilikia, ua hoʻomaka koke ʻia ka noiʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kelemania me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hopena nonlinear no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā pahu optical paʻa pinepine i loko o nā lua optical mode chirp kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a laila e hoʻopuka i nā hōʻailona microwave haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

4. opto electronic oscillator, Kii 6.

Kiʻi 6. Kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o ka oscillator hui pū ʻia.

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano hana kuʻuna o ka hana ʻana i nā microwaves a i ʻole nā ​​lasers ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi loop pani pani ʻia, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa i loko o ka loop pani ma mua o ka poho, hiki i ka oscillation hoʻoikaika ponoʻī ke hana i nā microwaves a i ʻole lasers. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu Q o ka loop loop, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pae hōʻailona i hana ʻia a i ʻole ka leo alapine. I mea e hoʻonui ai i ke kumu maikaʻi o ka loop, ʻo ke ala pololei e hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi o ka loop a hoʻemi i ka nalowale hoʻolaha. Eia naʻe, hiki i ka loop lōʻihi ke kākoʻo i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano oscillation, a inā hoʻohui ʻia kahi kānana haiki-bandwidth, hiki ke loaʻa kahi hōʻailona oscillation microwave haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka oscillator hui pū ʻia Photoelectric he kumu hōʻailona microwave ma muli o kēia manaʻo, hoʻohana piha ʻo ia i nā hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa hoʻolaha haʻahaʻa o ka fiber, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka fiber lōʻihi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka waiwai loop Q, hiki ke hana i kahi hōʻailona microwave me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Mai ka wā i manaʻo ʻia ai ke ʻano hana i ka makahiki 1990, ua loaʻa i kēia ʻano oscillator ka noiʻi nui a me ka hoʻomohala nui ʻana, a aia i kēia manawa nā oscillators pili photoelectric. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā oscillators photoelectric nona nā alapine hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ma kahi ākea. ʻO ka pilikia nui o nā kumu hōʻailona microwave e pili ana i kēia hoʻolālā, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o ka loop, a e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka walaʻau i kona kahe manuahi (FSR) a me kāna alapine pālua. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea photoelectric i hoʻohana ʻia, kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai, paʻakikī ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka leo, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka fiber lōʻihi i ka haunaele kaiapuni.

Hōʻike pōkole ka mea i luna i kekahi mau ʻano o ka hana photoelectron o nā hōʻailona microwave, a me kā lākou pono a me nā hemahema. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā photoelectrons e hana i ka microwave he mea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻohele ʻia ka hōʻailona optical ma o ka fiber optical me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa, ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi mamao loa i kēlā me kēia pahu hoʻohana a laila hoʻololi ʻia i nā hōʻailona microwave, a me ka hiki ke pale i ka electromagnetic. ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana ma mua o nā mea uila kahiko.
ʻO ke kākau ʻana o kēia ʻatikala no ka ʻike ʻana, a hui pū ʻia me ka ʻike noiʻi a ka mea kākau ponoʻī a me ka ʻike ma kēia kahua, aia nā hewa a me ka incomprehensiveness, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo.