ʻO ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā wahi wela o ka hana ʻana o ka hōʻailona microwave i nā optoelectronics microwave

ʻOptoelectronics microwave, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ʻo ia ka hui ʻana o ka microwave a menā mea uila optoelectronicsHe mau nalu electromagnetic nā microwave a me nā nalu māmā, a he nui nā kauoha o ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa o nā alapine (frequencies), a he ʻokoʻa loa nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻenehana i hoʻomohala ʻia ma kā lākou mau kahua. I ka hui pū ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana pono kekahi i kekahi, akā hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa nā noi hou a me nā ʻano i paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo.

Kamaʻilio OpticalʻO ia kahi laʻana koʻikoʻi o ka hui pū ʻana o nā microwaves a me nā photoelectrons. ʻO ke kelepona mua a me ke kelepona uila ʻole, ka hana ʻana, ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona, ​​​​​​nā mea microwave āpau i hoʻohana ʻia. Hoʻohana mua ʻia nā nalu electromagnetic haʻahaʻa alapine no ka mea he liʻiliʻi ka laulā alapine a he liʻiliʻi ka hiki ke kahawai no ka hoʻouna ʻana. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke alapine o ka hōʻailona i hoʻouna ʻia, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ke alapine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai spectrum. Akā, nui ka pohō o ka hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ea, akā maʻalahi hoʻi e ālai ʻia e nā mea pale. Inā hoʻohana ʻia ke kaula, nui ka pohō o ke kaula, a he pilikia ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi mamao loa. ʻO ka puka ʻana mai o ke kamaʻilio fiber optical he hopena maikaʻi ia i kēia mau pilikia.ʻO ke olonā ʻōpaehe haʻahaʻa loa ka pohō hoʻoili a he mea lawe maikaʻi loa ia no ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā hōʻailona ma nā wahi mamao. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka laulā alapine (frequency) o nā nalu māmā ma mua o nā microwaves a hiki ke hoʻouna i nā kahawai like ʻole i ka manawa like. Ma muli o kēia mau pono ohoʻoili ʻike maka, ua lilo ke kamaʻilio ʻana o ka fiber optical i kumu o ka hoʻoili ʻike o kēia wā.
He mōʻaukala lōʻihi ko ke kamaʻilio ʻana o Optical, ua ākea a oʻo ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻaʻole ia he ʻōlelo hou aku. Hoʻolauna nui kēia pepa i ka ʻike noiʻi hou o ka microwave optoelectronics i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ma waho aʻe o ke kamaʻilio optical. Hoʻohana nui ka Microwave optoelectronics i nā ʻano hana a me nā ʻenehana ma ke kahua o ka optoelectronics ma ke ʻano he mea lawe e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻokō i ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i paʻakikī ke hoʻokō me nā ʻāpana uila microwave kuʻuna. Mai ka manaʻo o ka noi, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano ʻekolu.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā optoelectronics e hana i nā hōʻailona microwave hana kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa hoʻi, mai ka X-band a hiki i ka THz band.
ʻO ka lua, ka hana ʻana i nā hōʻailona microwave. Me ka lohi, ke kānana, ka hoʻololi alapine (frequency), ka loaʻa ʻana a pēlā aku.
ʻO ke kolu, ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā hōʻailona analog.

Ma kēia ʻatikala, hoʻolauna wale ka mea kākau i ka ʻāpana mua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hana ʻana o ka hōʻailona microwave. Hoʻoulu nui ʻia ka nalu millimeter microwave kuʻuna e nā ʻāpana microelectronic iii_V. Eia nā palena o kona mau manaʻo: ʻO ka mua, i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe e like me 100GHz ma luna, hiki i nā microelectronics kuʻuna ke hana i ka mana liʻiliʻi a emi iho, i ka hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe THz, ʻaʻohe mea hiki iā lākou ke hana. ʻO ka lua, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka walaʻau pae a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa alapine, pono e waiho ʻia ka hāmeʻa mua i kahi mahana haʻahaʻa loa. ʻO ke kolu, he paʻakikī ke hoʻokō i kahi ākea o ka hoʻololi alapine modulation alapine. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau pilikia, hiki i ka ʻenehana optoelectronic ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana. Ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻano hana nui ma lalo nei.

1. Ma o ke alapine ʻokoʻa o nā hōʻailona laser alapine like ʻole ʻelua, hoʻohana ʻia kahi photodetector alapine kiʻekiʻe e hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona microwave, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1.

Kiʻi 1. Kiʻikuhi kiʻikuhi o nā microwaves i hana ʻia e ka alapine ʻokoʻa o ʻeluanā lasers.

ʻO nā pono o kēia ʻano hana he ʻano maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka nalu millimeter alapine kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka hōʻailona alapine THz, a ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke alapine o ka laser hiki ke hoʻokō i kahi ākea o ka hoʻololi alapine wikiwiki, ka alapine sweep. ʻO ka hemahema, ʻo ka linewidth a i ʻole ka walaʻau pae o ka hōʻailona alapine ʻokoʻa i hana ʻia e ʻelua mau hōʻailona laser pili ʻole he nui loa ia, a ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa alapine, ʻoiai inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi laser semiconductor me ka leo liʻiliʻi akā he linewidth nui (~MHz). Inā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe nā koi nui o ke kaumaha o ka ʻōnaehana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā lasers solid-state haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (~kHz).nā lasers fiber, lua wahonā lasers semiconductor, a pēlā aku. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻelua mau ʻano like ʻole o nā hōʻailona laser i hana ʻia i loko o ka lua laser like e hana i kahi alapine ʻokoʻa, i hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka hana paʻa o ka alapine microwave.

2. I mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia ʻo nā lasers ʻelua ma ke ʻano ma mua he kūlike ʻole a nui loa ka walaʻau pae hōʻailona i hana ʻia, hiki ke loaʻa ka pilina ma waena o nā lasers ʻelua ma o ke ʻano laka pae hoʻokomo pinepine a i ʻole ke kaapuni laka pae pane maikaʻi ʻole. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 2 i kahi noi maʻamau o ka laka hoʻokomo e hana i nā microwave multiples (Kiʻi 2). Ma ka hoʻokomo pololei ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ke au alapine kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi laser semiconductor, a i ʻole ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi modulator LinBO3-phase, hiki ke hana ʻia nā hōʻailona optical he nui o nā alapine like ʻole me ka mamao alapine like, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hui alapine optical. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke ʻano maʻamau e loaʻa ai kahi hui alapine optical ākea ākea, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi laser mode-locked. ʻO kēlā me kēia hōʻailona hui ʻelua i loko o ka hui alapine optical i hana ʻia e ke kānana ʻana a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka laser 1 a me 2 e hoʻomaopopo i ka alapine a me ka laka pae. No ka mea, ʻo ke pae ma waena o nā hōʻailona hui like ʻole o ka hui alapine optical he paʻa loa, i mea e paʻa ai ke pae pili ma waena o nā lasers ʻelua, a laila ma ke ʻano o ka alapine like ʻole e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma mua, hiki ke loaʻa ka hōʻailona microwave alapine multi-fold o ka helu hana hou ʻana o ka hui alapine optical.

Kiʻi 2. Kiʻikuhi kiʻikuhi o ka hōʻailona pālua alapine microwave i hana ʻia e ka laka alapine injection.
ʻO kekahi ala e hōʻemi ai i ka walaʻau pae pili o nā lasers ʻelua, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi PLL optical feedback maikaʻi ʻole, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 3.

Kiʻi 3. Kiʻikuhi hoʻolālā o OPL.

Ua like ke kumumanaʻo o ka PLL optical me ko PLL ma ke kahua o nā mea uila. Hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻokoʻa pae o nā lasers ʻelua i hōʻailona uila e kahi photodetector (like me kahi mea ʻike pae), a laila loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa pae ma waena o nā lasers ʻelua ma ka hana ʻana i kahi alapine ʻokoʻa me kahi kumu hōʻailona microwave kuhikuhi, kahi i hoʻonui ʻia a kānana ʻia a laila hānai ʻia i ka ʻāpana hoʻomalu alapine o kekahi o nā lasers (no nā lasers semiconductor, ʻo ia ke au injection). Ma o ia ʻano loop hoʻomalu manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole, ua laka ʻia ka pae alapine pili ma waena o nā hōʻailona laser ʻelua i ka hōʻailona microwave kuhikuhi. A laila hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia ka hōʻailona optical i hui pū ʻia ma o nā fibers optical i kahi photodetector ma kahi ʻē aʻe a hoʻololi ʻia i hōʻailona microwave. ʻO ka walaʻau pae hopena o ka hōʻailona microwave ua aneane like me ka hōʻailona kuhikuhi i loko o ka bandwidth o ka loop manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole i laka ʻia. ʻO ka walaʻau pae ma waho o ka bandwidth ua like ia me ka walaʻau pae pili o nā lasers ʻelua pili ʻole mua.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kumu hōʻailona microwave kuhikuhi e nā kumu hōʻailona ʻē aʻe ma o ka pāpālua alapine (frequency double), alapine divisor, a i ʻole ke kaʻina hana alapine ʻē aʻe, i hiki ai ke pāpālua nui ʻia ka hōʻailona microwave alapine haʻahaʻa, a i ʻole e hoʻololi ʻia i nā hōʻailona RF alapine kiʻekiʻe, THz.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka laka alapine injection hiki ke loaʻa ka pālua alapine, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā loops phase-locked, hiki ke hana i nā alapine kokoke i nā manawa āpau, a ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hui alapine optical i hana ʻia e ka modulator photoelectric ma ke Kiʻi 2 ua hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu kukui, a hoʻohana ʻia ka loop optical phase-locked e laka koho i ke alapine o nā lasers ʻelua i nā hōʻailona hui optical ʻelua, a laila hana i nā hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe ma o ke alapine ʻokoʻa, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 4. ʻO f1 a me f2 nā alapine hōʻailona kuhikuhi o nā PLLS ʻelua, a hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hōʻailona microwave o N*frep+f1+f2 e ke alapine ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā lasers ʻelua.

Kiʻi 4. Kiʻikuhi kiʻikuhi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā alapine kūpono ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui alapine optical a me PLLS.

3. E hoʻohana i ka laser pulse mode-locked e hoʻololi i ka hōʻailona pulse optical i ka hōʻailona microwave ma omea ʻike kiʻi.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o kēia ʻano hana, ʻo ia ka hiki ke loaʻa kahi hōʻailona me ke kūpaʻa alapine maikaʻi loa a me ka walaʻau pae haʻahaʻa loa. Ma ka laka ʻana i ke alapine o ka laser i kahi spectrum hoʻololi atomika a me molekala paʻa loa, a i ʻole kahi lua optical paʻa loa, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopau alapine pālua ponoʻī a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi hōʻailona pulse optical paʻa loa me kahi alapine hana hou paʻa loa, i mea e loaʻa ai kahi hōʻailona microwave me ka walaʻau pae haʻahaʻa loa. Kiʻi 5.

Kiʻi 5. Hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka walaʻau pae pili o nā kumu hōʻailona like ʻole.

Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea, ua like ka nui o ka hana hou ʻana o ka pulse me ka lōʻihi o ke ana o ka laser, a he nui ka laser mode-locked kuʻuna, he paʻakikī ke loaʻa pololei nā hōʻailona microwave alapine kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui, ke kaumaha a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu o nā lasers pulsed kuʻuna, a me nā koi kaiapuni koʻikoʻi, e kaupalena ana i kā lākou noi hoʻokolohua nui. No ka lanakila ʻana i kēia mau pilikia, ua hoʻomaka koke nei ka noiʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kelemania me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hopena nonlinear e hana i nā hui optical paʻa alapine i loko o nā lua optical chirp mode liʻiliʻi loa, kahi e hana ai i nā hōʻailona microwave haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa alapine kiʻekiʻe.

4. opto electronic oscillator, Kiʻi 6.

Kiʻi 6. Kiʻikuhi kiʻikuhi o ka oscillator i hoʻopili ʻia e ka photoelectric.

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano kuʻuna o ka hana ʻana i nā microwaves a i ʻole nā ​​​​laser, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi loop pani ponoʻī, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa i loko o ka loop pani ma mua o ka pohō, hiki i ka oscillation hoʻonāukiuki ponoʻī ke hana i nā microwaves a i ʻole nā ​​​​laser. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea maikaʻi Q o ka loop pani, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pae hōʻailona i hana ʻia a i ʻole ka walaʻau alapine. I mea e hoʻonui ai i ka mea maikaʻi o ka loop, ʻo ke ala pololei ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka loop a hoʻemi i ka pohō hoʻolaha. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kahi loop lōʻihi ke kākoʻo i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano o ka oscillation he nui, a inā hoʻohui ʻia kahi kānana bandwidth haiki, hiki ke loaʻa kahi hōʻailona oscillation microwave haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa alapine hoʻokahi. ʻO ka oscillator i hoʻopili ʻia photoelectric kahi kumu hōʻailona microwave e pili ana i kēia manaʻo, hoʻohana piha ia i nā ʻano pohō hoʻolaha haʻahaʻa o ka fiber, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi fiber lōʻihi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka waiwai loop Q, hiki ke hana i kahi hōʻailona microwave me ka walaʻau haʻahaʻa loa. Mai ka wā i hāpai ʻia ai ke ʻano i nā makahiki 1990, ua loaʻa i kēia ʻano oscillator ka noiʻi nui a me ka hoʻomohala nui ʻana, a aia i kēia manawa nā oscillator i hoʻopili ʻia photoelectric kalepa. ʻO ka mea hou loa, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā oscillator photoelectric nona nā alapine hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ma kahi ākea. ʻO ka pilikia nui o nā kumu hōʻailona microwave e pili ana i kēia hoʻolālā ʻana, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o ka loop, a ʻo ka walaʻau i loko o kona kahe manuahi (FSR) a me kona alapine pālua e hoʻonui nui ʻia. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana photoelectric i hoʻohana ʻia, kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai, paʻakikī ke hoʻemi i ka leo, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka fiber lōʻihi i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ke kaiapuni.

Hoʻolauna pōkole ka mea i luna i kekahi mau ʻano hana o ka hana photoelectron o nā hōʻailona microwave, a me ko lākou mau pono a me nā hemahema. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā photoelectrons e hana i ka microwave he pono ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia ka hōʻailona optical ma o ka fiber optical me ka pohō haʻahaʻa loa, ka hoʻoili ʻana i kahi mamao loa i kēlā me kēia kikowaena hoʻohana a laila hoʻololi ʻia i nā hōʻailona microwave, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hiki ke kūʻē i ka hoʻopilikia electromagnetic ma mua o nā ʻāpana uila kuʻuna.
ʻO ke kākau ʻana o kēia ʻatikala no ka ʻike nui ʻana, a i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻike noiʻi ponoʻī a ka mea kākau a me ka ʻike ma kēia kahua, aia nā hewa a me nā hemahema, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo.