Nā ʻano hana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōnaehana laser

1. Ka lōʻihi o ka nalu (anakahi: nm a i μm)

ʻO kaka nalu laserhōʻike i ka nalu o ka nalu electromagnetic i lawe ʻia e ka laser. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano kukui ʻē aʻe, he hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi olaserʻo ia hoʻi he monochromatic, ʻo ia hoʻi he maʻemaʻe loa kona nalu a hoʻokahi wale nō alapine (frequency) i wehewehe pono ʻia.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā nalu like ʻole o ka laser:

ʻO ka nalu o ka laser ʻulaʻula ma waena o 630nm-680nm, a ʻulaʻula ka mālamalama i hoʻopuka ʻia, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka laser maʻamau (hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke kahua o ke kukui hānai lapaʻau, a pēlā aku);

ʻO ka nalu o ka laser ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kahi o 532nm, (hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke kahua o ka laser ranging, a pēlā aku);

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka nalu laser polū ma waena o 400nm-500nm (hoʻohana nui ʻia no ke ʻoki ʻana i ka laser);

ʻO ka laser UV ma waena o 350nm-400nm (hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka biomedicine);

ʻO ka laser infrared ka mea kūikawā loa, e like me ka laulā o ka nalu a me ke kahua noi, aia ka nalu laser infrared ma ka laulā o 700nm-1mm. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ke kāʻei infrared i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi: kokoke i ka infrared (NIR), waena infrared (MIR) a me ka infrared mamao (FIR). ʻO ka laulā o ka nalu kokoke i ka infrared ma kahi o 750nm-1400nm, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka kamaʻilio fiber optical, nā kiʻi biomedical a me nā lako ʻike pō infrared.

2. Mana a me ka ikehu (ʻāpana: W a i ʻole J)

Mana laserhoʻohana ʻia e wehewehe i ka mana optical i hoʻopuka ʻia o kahi laser nalu hoʻomau (CW) a i ʻole ka mana awelika o kahi laser pulsed. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā lasers pulsed e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua kūlike ko lākou ikehu pulse me ka mana awelika a kūlike ʻole i ka helu hana hou ʻana o ka pulse, a ʻo nā lasers me ka mana a me ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe e hana pinepine i ka wela hoʻoneoneo.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kukuna laser he ʻano kukuna Gaussian, no laila ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka irradiance a me ke kahe ma ke axis optical o ka laser a emi iho i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻokoʻa mai ke axis optical. Loaʻa i nā lasers ʻē aʻe nā ʻano kukuna pālahalaha, ʻaʻole like me nā kukuna Gaussian, he ʻano irradiance mau ma ka ʻāpana kea o ke kukuna laser a me ka emi wikiwiki ʻana o ka ikaika. No laila, ʻaʻohe irradiance kiʻekiʻe o nā lasers pālahalaha. ʻO ka mana kiʻekiʻe o kahi kukuna Gaussian he pālua ia o kahi kukuna pālahalaha me ka mana awelika like.

3. Ka lōʻihi o ka pulse (anakahi: fs a ms)

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pulse laser (ʻo ia hoʻi ka laulā o ka pulse) ka manawa e pono ai ka laser e hiki i ka hapalua o ka mana optical kiʻekiʻe loa (FWHM).

 

4. Ka helu hana hou (ʻāpana: Hz a MHz)

ʻO ka helu hana hou ʻana o kahilaser pulsed(ʻo ia hoʻi ka helu hana hou ʻana o ka pulse) e wehewehe ana i ka helu o nā pulse i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kēlā me kēia kekona, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka reciprocal o ka pulse spacing manawa. ʻO ka helu hana hou ʻana he inversely proportional i ka ikehu pulse a kūlike i ka mana awelika. ʻOiai ʻo ka helu hana hou ʻana e hilinaʻi pinepine ʻia i ka medium loaʻa laser, i nā hihia he nui, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka helu hana hou. ʻO ka helu hana hou kiʻekiʻe aʻe ka hopena i kahi manawa hoʻomaha thermal pōkole no ka ʻili a me ka nānā hope loa o ka element optical laser, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻomehana wikiwiki o ka mea.

5. Divergence (ʻāpana maʻamau: mrad)

ʻOiai ua manaʻo nui ʻia nā kukuna laser he collimating, aia mau lākou i kahi nui o ka divergence, e wehewehe ana i ke ʻano o ka divergence o ke kukuna ma luna o kahi mamao e hoʻonui ana mai ka pūhaka o ke kukuna laser ma muli o ka diffraction. I nā noi me nā mamao hana lōʻihi, e like me nā ʻōnaehana liDAR, kahi e hiki ai i nā mea ke hele i nā haneli mika mai ka ʻōnaehana laser, lilo ka divergence i pilikia koʻikoʻi.

6. Ka nui o ka wahi (ʻāpana: μm)

ʻO ka nui o ke kiko o ke kukuna laser i kālele ʻia e wehewehe ana i ke anawaena kukuna ma ke kiko kikowaena o ka ʻōnaehana lens kālele. I nā noi he nui, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā mea a me ke ʻoki kino lapaʻau, ʻo ka pahuhopu ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ke kiko. Hoʻonui kēia i ka nui o ka mana a hiki ke hana i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā aniani aspherical ma kahi o nā aniani spherical kuʻuna e hōʻemi i nā aberrations spherical a hana i kahi nui kiko focal liʻiliʻi.

7. Ka mamao hana (ʻāpana: μm a m)

ʻO ka mamao hana o kahi ʻōnaehana laser e wehewehe pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ka mamao kino mai ka mea optical hope loa (ʻo ia hoʻi he lens focusing) i ka mea a i ʻole ka ʻili e kālele ana ka laser. ʻO kekahi mau noi, e like me nā lasers lapaʻau, e ʻimi pinepine e hoʻemi i ka mamao hana, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka ʻike mamao, e manaʻo pinepine e hoʻonui i ko lākou mamao hana.