ʻO nā ʻāpana kikoʻī hana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōnaehana laser

1. Loʻihi nalu (unit: nm i μm)

ʻO kalōʻihi hawewe laserhōʻike i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu electromagnetic i lawe ʻia e ka laser. Hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano kukui ʻē aʻe, kahi hiʻohiʻona nui olaserʻo ia ka monochromatic, ʻo ia hoʻi he maʻemaʻe loa kona lōʻihi nalu a hoʻokahi wale nō alapine i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā lōʻihi hawewe like ʻole o ka laser:

ʻO ka nalu o ka laser ʻulaʻula ma waena o 630nm-680nm, a ʻulaʻula ke kukui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a ʻo ia nō hoʻi ka laser maʻamau (hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kula o ka mālamalama hānai olakino, etc.);

ʻO ka nalu o ka laser ʻōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau e pili ana i 532nm, (hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke kahua o ka laser ranging, etc.);

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka nalu laser polū ma waena o 400nm-500nm (hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka laser);

Uv laser ma waena o 350nm-400nm (hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka biomedicine);

ʻO ka laser infrared ka mea kūikawā, e like me ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe a me ke kahua noi, aia ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe infrared laser ma ka laulā o 700nm-1mm. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ke kāʻei infrared i ʻekolu sub-band: kokoke infrared (NIR), infrared waena (MIR) a me ka infrared mamao (FIR). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka nalu infrared kokoke i ka 750nm-1400nm, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka kamaʻilio fiber optical, biomedical imaging a me nā mea ʻike maka pō infrared.

2. Ka mana a me ka ikehu (unit: W a i ʻole J)

Mana laserhoʻohana ʻia no ka wehewehe ʻana i ka mana mana o ka hawewe mau (CW) laser a i ʻole ka mana maʻamau o ka laser pulsed. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā laser pulsed e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ko lākou ikaika pulse e like me ka mana awelika a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka helu repetition o ka pulse, a me nā lasers me ka mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikehu e hoʻopuka pinepine i ka wela wela.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kukuna laser he kiʻi kiʻi Gaussian beam, no laila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka irradiance a me ka flux ma ke axis optical o ka laser a me ka emi ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka deviation mai ke axis optical. Loaʻa i nā lasers ʻē aʻe nā ʻaoʻao kukuna pālahalaha, ʻaʻole like me nā kaola Gaussian, loaʻa ka ʻike irradiance mau ma ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka kukuna laser a me ka emi wikiwiki o ka ikaika. No laila, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka irradiance kiʻekiʻe o nā lasers flat-top. ʻO ka mana kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau Gaussian he ʻelua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana o ke kukui palahalaha me ka mana awelika like.

3. Ka lōʻihi o ka pulupulu (hui: fs a ms)

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pulse laser (ʻo ia hoʻi ka laulā pulse) ʻo ia ka manawa e hiki ai i ka laser ke hiki i ka hapalua o ka mana optical kiʻekiʻe (FWHM).

 

4. Laki hana hou (unit: Hz a MHz)

Ka helu hou ana o alaser puʻupuʻu(ʻo ia hoʻi, ka helu o nā pulupulu i hoʻopuka ʻia i kēlā me kēia kekona, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pānaʻi o ke kaʻina manawa pulse spacing. ʻO ka helu hoʻopaʻi hou ʻana he like ia me ka ikehu pulse a kūlike me ka mana maʻamau. ʻOiai e hilinaʻi pinepine ʻia ka helu repetition i ka medium gain laser, i nā manawa he nui, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka helu repetition. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hana hou ʻana e hopena i kahi manawa hoʻomaha wela pōkole no ka ʻili a me ka manaʻo hope loa o ka mea optical laser, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻomehana wikiwiki ʻana o ka mea.

5. ʻokoʻa (hui maʻamau: mrad)

ʻOiai ke manaʻo nui ʻia nā kukuna laser e like me ka collimating, loaʻa mau iā lākou kekahi nui o ka ʻokoʻa, e wehewehe ana i ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o ka kukuna ma luna o kahi mamao e piʻi aʻe ana mai ka pūhaka o ka kukuna laser ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa. Ma nā noi me nā mamao hana lōʻihi, e like me nā ʻōnaehana liDAR, kahi mau haneli mau mika ka mamao mai ka ʻōnaehana laser, lilo ka divergence i pilikia koʻikoʻi.

6. Ka nui kiko (hui: μm)

Hōʻike ka nui kiko o ka kukuna laser i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke anawaena o ke kukui ma ke kiko kiko o ka ʻōnaehana lens. I nā noi he nui, e like me ka hoʻoponopono waiwai a me ke ʻoki kino, ʻo ka pahuhopu ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ka wahi. Hoʻonui kēia i ka nui o ka mana a hiki ke hana i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā lens aspherical ma kahi o nā lens spherical kuʻuna e hōʻemi i nā aberrations spherical a hoʻohua i kahi kiko kiko liʻiliʻi.

7. Ka mamao hana (unit: μm a m)

ʻO ka mamao hana o kahi ʻōnaehana laser ka mea maʻamau i wehewehe ʻia e like me ka mamao kino mai ka mea optical hope loa (ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau he lens hoʻokele) i ka mea a i ʻole ka ʻili kahi e nānā ai ka laser. ʻO kekahi mau noi, e like me nā lasers lapaʻau, e ʻimi maʻamau e hōʻemi i ka mamao o ka hana, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka ʻike mamao, makemake nui e hoʻonui i kā lākou mamao hana.