ʻO nā ʻenehana multiplexing optical a me kā lākou male ʻana no ka on-chip: kahi loiloi

ʻO nā ʻenehana multiplexing optical a me kā lākou male ʻana no ka on-chip akamaʻilio fiber optic: he loiloi

He kumuhana noiʻi wikiwiki nā ʻano hana multiplexing optical, a ke hana nei nā kānaka ʻepekema a puni ka honua i ka noiʻi hohonu ma kēia kahua. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hāpai ʻia nā ʻenehana multiplex he nui e like me ka wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), mode division multiplexing (MDM), space division multiplexing (SDM), polarization multiplexing (PDM) a me ka orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM). ʻO ka ʻenehana wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) e hiki ai i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā hōʻailona optical o nā wavelength like ʻole ke hoʻouna ʻia i ka manawa like ma o hoʻokahi fiber, e hoʻohana pono ana i nā ʻano pohō haʻahaʻa o ka fiber i kahi laulā wavelength nui. Ua hāpai mua ʻia ke kumumanaʻo e Delange i ka makahiki 1970, a ʻaʻole a hiki i ka makahiki 1977 i hoʻomaka ai ka noiʻi kumu o ka ʻenehana WDM, kahi i kālele ʻia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pūnaewele kamaʻilio. Mai ia manawa, me ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana oʻili ʻike maka, kumu kukui, mea ʻike kiʻia me nā kahua ʻē aʻe, ua wikiwiki pū ka ʻimi ʻana o ka poʻe i ka ʻenehana WDM. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka polarization multiplexing (PDM) ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻoili hōʻailona, ​​​​no ka mea hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia ʻelua mau hōʻailona kūʻokoʻa ma ke kūlana polarization orthogonal o ka kukuna like o ke kukui, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kahawai polarization ʻelua a ʻike kūʻokoʻa ʻia ma ka hopena loaʻa.

I ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke koi no nā wikiwiki ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe, ua aʻo nui ʻia ke kekelē hope loa o ke kūʻokoʻa o ka multiplexing, ka hakahaka, i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka mode division multiplexing (MDM) ka mea i hana nui ʻia e nā mea hoʻoili N, kahi i ʻike ʻia e ka spatial mode multiplexer. ʻO ka hope loa, ua hoʻouna ʻia ka hōʻailona i kākoʻo ʻia e ke ʻano spatial i ka fiber low-mode. I ka wā o ka hoʻolaha hōʻailona, ​​​​ua mālama ʻia nā ʻano āpau ma ka nalu like ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka Space Division multiplexing (SDM) super channel, ʻo ia hoʻi ua hoʻonui ʻia, hoʻēmi ʻia a hoʻohui ʻia i ka manawa like, me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i ka hana ʻana i ke ʻano kaʻawale. Ma MDM, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā contours spatial like ʻole (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻano like ʻole) o kahi hiʻohiʻona i nā kahawai like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻouna ʻia kahi kahawai ma luna o kahi kukuna laser i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me ka triangle, square, a i ʻole ka pōʻai. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia e MDM i nā noi honua maoli a he mau ʻano makemakika a me ke kino kū hoʻokahi. ʻO kēia ʻenehana ka mea i holomua loa i ka hoʻoili ʻikepili fiber optic mai ka makahiki 1980. Hāʻawi ka ʻenehana MDM i kahi hoʻolālā hou e hoʻokō i nā kahawai hou aʻe a hoʻonui i ka hiki ke loulou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea lawe nalu hoʻokahi. ʻO ka momentum angular orbital (OAM) kahi ʻano kino o nā nalu electromagnetic kahi i hoʻoholo ʻia ai ke ala hoʻolaha e ka wavefront phase helical. ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokumu i nā kahawai kaʻawale he nui, hiki i ka wireless orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM) ke hoʻonui pono i ka helu hoʻoili i nā hoʻoili kiʻekiʻe-i-point (e like me ka wireless backhaul a i ʻole forward).