ʻO nā ʻenehana optical multiplexing a me kā lākou male ʻana no ka chip: he loiloi

Optical multiplexing 'enehana a me ko lakou mare ana no on-chip akamaʻilio fiber optical: he loiloi

He kumuhana noiʻi koʻikoʻi ʻo Optical multiplexing, a ke alakaʻi nei ka poʻe naʻauao a puni ka honua i ka noiʻi hohonu ma kēia kahua. I nā makahiki, nui nā ʻenehana multiplex e like me ka wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), mode division multiplexing (MDM), space division multiplexing (SDM), polarization multiplexing (PDM) a me ka orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM). Hiki i ka ʻenehana ʻenehana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hawewe (WDM) ke hoʻouna ʻia i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā hōʻailona optical o nā hawewe like ʻole i ka manawa like ma o ka fiber hoʻokahi, me ka hoʻohana piha ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka fiber ma kahi ākea nui. Ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia ke kumumanaʻo e Delange i ka makahiki 1970, a ʻaʻole i ka makahiki 1977 i hoʻomaka ai ka noiʻi kumu o ka ʻenehana WDM, i kālele ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pūnaewele kamaʻilio. Mai ia manawa, me ka ulu mau opuluniu maka, kumu kukui, mea nānā kiʻia me nā kahua ʻē aʻe, ua wikiwiki pū ka ʻimi kanaka i ka ʻenehana WDM. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka polarization multiplexing (PDM) ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka hōʻailona, ​​​​no ka mea, hiki ke puʻunaue ʻia ʻelua mau hōʻailona kūʻokoʻa ma ke kūlana polarization orthogonal o ka kukui hoʻokahi, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kahawai polarization ʻelua a ʻike kūʻokoʻa i ka ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena.

Ke hoʻomau nei ka koi ʻana i nā helu ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe, ua aʻo ikaika ʻia ka pae hope loa o ke kūʻokoʻa o ka multiplexing, space, i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka mode division multiplexing (MDM) ka mea i hana nui ʻia e N transmitters, i ʻike ʻia e ka spatial mode multiplexer. ʻO ka hope, hoʻouna ʻia ka hōʻailona i kākoʻo ʻia e ke ʻano spatial i ka fiber mode haʻahaʻa. I ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka hōʻailona, ​​ua mālama ʻia nā ʻano ʻano āpau ma ka lōʻihi nalu hoʻokahi ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ke kaila nui o ka Space Division multiplexing (SDM), ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻonui ʻia, hoʻemi ʻia a hoʻohui ʻia i ka manawa like, me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i ke ʻano hana kaʻawale. Ma MDM, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻano kikoʻī like ʻole (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻano like ʻole) o kahi mamana i nā kahawai like ʻole. No ka laʻana, hoʻouna ʻia kahi ala ma luna o kahi kukuna laser i hana ʻia e like me ka huinakolu, huinaha, a pōʻai paha. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā kiʻi i hoʻohana ʻia e MDM i nā noi honua maoli a loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona makemakika a me ke kino. ʻO kēia ʻenehana ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻoi loa i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻikepili fiber optic mai ka makahiki 1980. Hāʻawi ka ʻenehana MDM i kahi hoʻolālā hou e hoʻokō i nā ala hou aʻe a hoʻonui i ka hiki o ka loulou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea lawe lōʻihi hawewe hoʻokahi. ʻO ka Orbital angular momentum (OAM) kahi hiʻohiʻona kino o nā hawewe electromagnetic kahi i hoʻoholo ʻia ai ke ala hoʻolaha e ka hawewe helical phase. No ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ala kaʻawale he nui, hiki i ka wireless orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM) ke hoʻonui maikaʻi i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hoʻoili kiʻekiʻe-a-kahi (e like me ka wireless backhaul a i mua paha).