ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka hōʻailona ʻike maka

ʻIke hōʻailona Opticalʻike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe
A spectrometerHe mea hana ʻonika e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kukui polychromatic i loko o kahi kikoʻī. Nui nā ʻano o nā spectrometers, ma waho aʻe o nā spectrometers i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hui kukui ʻike ʻia, aia nā spectrometers infrared a me nā spectrometers ultraviolet. E like me nā mea hoʻopuehu like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka spectrometer prism, spectrometer grating a me ka spectrometer interference. E like me ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana, aia nā spectroscopes no ka nānā pono ʻana i ka maka, nā spectroscopes no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni photosensitive, a me nā spectrophotometers no ka ʻike ʻana i nā spectra me nā mea photoelectric a thermoelectric. ʻO ka monochromator kahi mea hana kikoʻī e hoʻopuka i hoʻokahi laina chromatographic wale nō ma o kahi ʻāpana, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea analytical ʻē aʻe.
Aia ka spectrometer maʻamau i kahi paepae optical a me kahi ʻōnaehana ʻike. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻāpana nui:
1. ʻAhaʻeha: ke kiko o ka ʻōnaehana kiʻi o ka spectrometer i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ka mālamalama hanana.
2. ʻElemu Collimation: ʻo ke kukui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka ʻāpana e lilo i māmā like. He lens kūʻokoʻa paha ka mea hoʻohuihui, he aniani, a i ʻole i hoʻopili pololei ʻia ma kahi mea hoʻopuehu, e like me ka concave grating i loko o ka concave grating spectrometer.
(3) ʻElemu hoʻopuehu: e hoʻohana maʻamau i ka grating, i hiki ai i ka hōʻailona māmā ma ke ākea e like me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka nalu i nā kaola he nui.
4. ʻElemu e kālele ana: E kālele i ka lāʻau dispersive i mea e hana ai ia i nā kiʻi ʻāpana hanana ma ka mokulele kiko, kahi e pili ana kēlā me kēia kiko kiʻi i kahi lōʻihi nalu.
5. Pūnaehana ʻike: kau ʻia ma ka mokulele kiko no ke ana ʻana i ka ikaika māmā o kēlā me kēia kiko kiʻi lōʻihi hawewe. Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke ʻano mea ʻike maka he ʻano CCD a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano mea ʻike kukui.
ʻO nā spectrometers maʻamau i nā laboratories nui he mau hale CT, a ua kapa ʻia kēia papa spectrometers he monochromators, ka mea i māhele nui ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana:
1, Symmetrical off-axis scanning CT structure, keia hale o ke ala opua i loko, ua like loa ia, o ka huila hale kiai he hookahi wale no axis waena. Ma muli o ka hoʻohālikelike piha ʻana, e loaʻa ana ka ʻokoʻa lua, e hopena i ke kukui hele hewa ikaika loa, a no ka mea he scan off-axis, e hōʻemi ʻia ka pololei.
2, asymmetric axial scanning CT structure, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke ala optical kūloko, ʻelua mau koʻi koʻikoʻi i ka huila hale kiaʻi, e hōʻoia i ka nānā ʻana o ka grating rotation i ke koʻi, hoʻopaʻa pono i ka mālamalama hele, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei. ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka asymmetric in-axis scanning CT structure e hoʻohuli ʻia a puni ʻekolu mau mea nui: ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi, ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kukui diffracted lua, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻālohilohi.
ʻO kāna mau mea nui: A. hananakumu kukui?mea nānā kiʻi
ʻO ka Spectroscope (Spectroscope) he mea hana ʻepekema e wāwahi i nā kukui paʻakikī i nā laina kikoʻī, i loaʻa nā prisms a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana diffraction, etc. ʻO ke kukui ʻehiku kala i ka lā ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o ka maka maka hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia (ke kukui ʻike ʻia), akā inā e hoʻoheheʻe ka spectrometer i ka lā, e like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka hawewe, ʻike ʻia ke kukui ʻike wale no kahi liʻiliʻi o ka spectrum. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole hiki i ka maka ʻōlohelohe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka spectrum, e like me ka infrared, microwave, ultraviolet, X-ray a pēlā aku. Ma o ka hopu ʻana i ka ʻike māmā e ka spectrometer, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā papa kiʻi kiʻi, a i ʻole ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea kani helu helu a me ka nānā ʻana, i ʻike ʻia nā mea i loko o ka ʻatikala. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻenehana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka pollution o ka ea, ka pollution wai, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe meaʻai, ka ʻoihana metala a pēlā aku.