ʻO ka spectrometer lako ʻike hōʻailona optical

Ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona opticalmīkini spectrometer lako paʻa
A mīkini ʻākeaHe mea hana maka e hoʻokaʻawale i ka mālamalama polychromatic i loko o kahi spectrum. Nui nā ʻano spectrometers, ma waho aʻe o nā spectrometers i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kāʻei mālamalama ʻike ʻia, aia nā spectrometers infrared a me nā spectrometers ultraviolet. Wahi a nā mea hoʻolaha like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka spectrometer prism, ka spectrometer grating a me ka spectrometer interference. Wahi a ke ʻano ʻike, aia nā spectroscopes no ka nānā maka pololei, nā spectroscopes no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni photosensitive, a me nā spectrophotometers no ka ʻike ʻana i nā spectra me nā mea photoelectric a i ʻole thermoelectric. ʻO ka monochromator kahi mea hana spectral e hoʻopuka wale i hoʻokahi laina chromatographic ma o kahi slit, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia me nā mea hana analytical ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kahi spectrometer maʻamau he kahua optical a me kahi ʻōnaehana ʻike. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻāpana nui aʻe:
1. ʻĀpana hanana: ke kiko o ka mea o ka ʻōnaehana kiʻi o ka spectrometer i hoʻokumu ʻia ma lalo o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ke kukui hanana.
2. ʻElemene collimation: lilo ka mālamalama i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka ʻoki i ka mālamalama like. Hiki i ka ʻelemene collimating ke lilo i aniani kūʻokoʻa, he aniani, a i hoʻohui pololei ʻia paha ma luna o kahi ʻelemene dispersing, e like me kahi grating concave i loko o kahi spectrometer grating concave.
(3) ʻElemene hoʻopuehu: hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi grating, i mea e hōʻailona ai ke kukui i ka lewa e like me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka nalu i nā kukuna he nui.
4. ʻElemene kālele: E kālele i ka kukuna hoʻopuehu i mea e hana ai i kahi moʻo o nā kiʻi ʻoki komo ma ka mokulele kālele, kahi e kūlike ai kēlā me kēia kiko kiʻi i kahi nalu kikoʻī.
5. Pūʻulu ʻike: kau ʻia ma ka mokulele focal no ke ana ʻana i ka ikaika o ke kukui o kēlā me kēia kiko kiʻi nalu. Hiki i ka pūʻulu ʻike ke lilo i pūʻulu CCD a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano pūʻulu ʻike kukui ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā spectrometers maʻamau i nā keʻena hoʻokolohua nui he mau ʻano CT, a ua kapa ʻia kēia papa o nā spectrometers he monochromators, i māhele nui ʻia i ʻelua mau māhele:
1, ʻano CT scanning symmetrical off-axis, ʻo kēia ʻano hana ke ala optical kūloko i symmetrical loa, hoʻokahi wale nō axis waena o ka huila hale kiaʻi grating. Ma muli o ka symmetry piha, e loaʻa ka diffraction lua, e hopena ana i ka mālamalama hele hewa ikaika loa, a no ka mea he scan off-axis ia, e emi ana ka pololei.
2, ʻano CT scan axial asymmetric, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i symmetric loa ke ala optical kūloko, ʻelua mau axes waena o ka huila hale kiaʻi grating, e hōʻoia i ka scan ʻana o ka wili grating i loko o ke axis, e kāohi pono i ka mālamalama hele hewa, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei. ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻano CT scan asymmetric in-axis e pili ana i ʻekolu mau kumu nui: ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi, ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka mālamalama diffracted lua, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka flux luminous.
ʻO kāna mau ʻāpana nui: A. hananakumu kukuiB. Māhele komo C. aniani collimating D. grating E. aniani kālele F. Puka (māhele)G.mea ʻike kiʻi
ʻO Spectroscope (Spectroscope) kahi mea hana ʻepekema e hoʻokaʻawale i ka mālamalama paʻakikī i nā laina spectral, nona nā prism a i ʻole nā ​​​​gratings diffraction, a pēlā aku, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka spectrometer e ana i ke kukui i hōʻike ʻia mai ka ʻili o kahi mea. ʻO ke kukui ʻehiku kala i ka lā ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o ka maka ʻōlohelohe hiki ke māhele ʻia (mālamalama ʻike ʻia), akā inā e hoʻokaʻawale ka spectrometer i ka lā, e like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka wavelength, ʻo ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia wale nō ka helu no kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka spectrum, ʻo ke koena ʻaʻole hiki i ka maka ʻōlohelohe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka spectrum, e like me ka infrared, microwave, ultraviolet, X-ray a pēlā aku. Ma o ka hopu ʻana i ka ʻike mālamalama e ka spectrometer, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā papa kiʻi, a i ʻole ka hōʻike kamepiula ʻakomi o nā mea hana helu a me ka nānā ʻana, i mea e ʻike ai i nā mea i loko o ka ʻatikala. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻenehana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka haumia o ka ea, ka haumia wai, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe meaʻai, ka ʻoihana metala a pēlā aku.