Hoʻolauna i ke ʻano a me ka hana o ka Thin Film Lithium Niobate Electro optic Modulator

Hoʻolauna i ka ʻAno a me ka Hana oʻO ka Modulator Electro optic Lithium Niobate Lahilahi
An mea hoʻololi uila-opticma muli o nā ʻano like ʻole, nā nalu, a me nā kahua o ka lithium niobate ʻili lahilahi, a me kahi hoʻohālikelike hana piha o nā ʻano like ʻoleNā mea hoʻololi EOM, a me kahi loiloi o ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana onā modulators lithium niobate ʻili lahilahima nā kahua ʻē aʻe.

1. ʻAʻole resonant cavity lahilahi lithium niobate modulator
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano modulator ma ka hopena electro-optic maikaʻi loa o ka kristal lithium niobate a he mea nui ia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kamaʻilio optical wikiwiki a me ka mamao loa. ʻEkolu mau ʻano nui:
1.1 ʻElekoda nalu huakaʻi MZI modulator: ʻO kēia ka hoʻolālā maʻamau loa. Ua hoʻokō mua ka hui noiʻi Lon č ar ma ke Kulanui ʻo Harvard i kahi mana hana kiʻekiʻe ma 2018, me nā hoʻomaikaʻi ma hope e pili ana i ka hoʻouka capacitive e pili ana i nā substrates quartz (bandwidth kiʻekiʻe akā kū ʻole me ka silicon-based) a me ka silicon-based compatible e pili ana i ka substrate hollowing, e hoʻokō ana i ka bandwidth kiʻekiʻe (>67 GHz) a me ka hōʻailona wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe (e like me 112 Gbit/s PAM4) hoʻoili.
1.2 Modulator MZI pelu: I mea e hoʻopōkole ai i ka nui o ka hāmeʻa a hoʻololi i nā modula compact e like me QSFP-DD, hoʻohana ʻia ka polarization treatment, cross waveguide a i ʻole inverted microstructure electrodes e hōʻemi i ka lōʻihi o ka hāmeʻa ma ka hapalua a hoʻokō i kahi bandwidth o 60 GHz.
1.3Single/Dual Polarization Coherent Orthogonal (IQ) Modulator: Hoʻohana i ke ʻano modulation kauoha kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoili ʻana. Ua hoʻokō ka hui noiʻi Cai ma ke Kulanui ʻo Sun Yat sen i ka modulator IQ polarization hoʻokahi ma ka chip mua ma 2020. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana o ka modulator IQ polarization pālua i hoʻomohala ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a ua hoʻonohonoho ka mana e pili ana i ka substrate quartz i kahi moʻolelo wikiwiki o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka nalu hoʻokahi o 1.96 Tbit/s.

2. ʻAno lua Resonant ʻano lithium niobate modulator lahilahi-ʻoniʻoni
No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā modulators bandwidth liʻiliʻi loa a nui, aia nā ʻano hana lua resonant like ʻole:
2.1 Ke aniani Photonic (PC) a me ka modulator apo micro: Ua hoʻomohala ka hui noiʻi a Lin ma ke Kulanui o Rochester i ka modulator kristal photonic hana kiʻekiʻe mua. Eia kekahi, ua hāpai ʻia nā modulators apo micro e pili ana i ka hoʻohui heterogeneous silicon lithium niobate a me ka hoʻohui homogeneous, e hoʻokō ana i nā bandwidths o kekahi mau GHz.
2.2Bragg grating resonant cavity modulator: me Fabry Perot (FP) cavity, waveguide Bragg grating (WBG), a me ka slow light (SL) modulator. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau hale e kaulike i ka nui, nā hoʻomanawanui hana, a me ka hana, no ka laʻana, kahi 2 × 2 FP resonant cavity modulator e hoʻokō i ka bandwidth nui loa ma mua o 110 GHz. ʻO ka modulator light lohi e pili ana i ka Bragg grating i hoʻopili ʻia e hoʻonui i ka laulā bandwidth hana.

3. Modulator lithium niobate ʻili lahilahi i hoʻohui ʻia
ʻEkolu mau ʻano hoʻohui nui e hoʻohui i ka launa pū ʻana o ka ʻenehana CMOS ma nā kahua silicon-based me ka hana modulation maikaʻi loa o ka lithium niobate:
3.1 Hoʻohuihui ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano hoʻopaʻa: Ma ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana me ka benzocyclobutene (BCB) a i ʻole silicon dioxide, hoʻoili ʻia ka lithium niobate ʻili lahilahi i kahi kahua silicon a silicon nitride paha, e hoʻokō ana i ka pae wafer, ka hoʻohuihui paʻa mahana kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike ka modulator i ka bandwidth kiʻekiʻe (>70 GHz, ʻoi aku ma mua o 110 GHz) a me ka hiki ke hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona wikiwiki.
3.2 Hoʻohui like ʻole o ka mea alakaʻi nalu hoʻokaʻawale: ʻo ka waiho ʻana i ka silicon a i ʻole silicon nitride ma ka niobate lithium kiʻi lahilahi ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi nalu ukana e hoʻokō pū i ka modulation electro-optic maikaʻi.
3.3 Hoʻohui like ʻole o ka paʻi hoʻoili micro (μ TP): He ʻenehana kēia i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana nui ʻana, kahi e hoʻoili ai i nā mea hana i hana mua ʻia i nā chips i kuhikuhi ʻia ma o nā lako hana kiʻekiʻe, e pale ana i ka hana hope paʻakikī. Ua hoʻopili pono ʻia i ka silicon nitride a me nā kahua silicon-based, e hoʻokō ana i nā bandwidth o nā ʻumi o GHz.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ua hoʻākāka pono kēia ʻatikala i ke ala ʻenehana o nā modulators electro-optic e pili ana i nā kahua lithium niobate lahilahi, mai ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka bandwidth nui non resonant cavity, ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻano hana resonant cavity miniaturized, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana me nā kahua photonic i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka silicon. Hōʻike ia i ka hiki nui a me ka holomua mau o nā modulators lithium niobate lahilahi i ka uhaki ʻana i ka bottleneck hana o nā modulators kuʻuna a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kamaʻilio optical wikiwiki.