ʻĀpana o KEKAHI
1, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana ma o kekahi ʻano kino, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka helu o nā palena i ana ʻia no kahi laulā, i mea e hoʻoholo ai inā kūpono nā palena i ana ʻia a inā paha he helu o nā palena. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka nui i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ana ʻia me ka nui maʻamau o ke ʻano like, e hoʻoholo ana i ka nui o ka nui maʻamau i ana ʻia e ka hui i ana ʻia, a hōʻike i kēia nui ma ka helu.
Ma ke kahua o ka automation a me ka ʻike ʻana, ʻo ka hana o ka ʻike ʻana ʻaʻole wale ka nānā ʻana a me ke ana ʻana o nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia a i ʻole nā huahana semi-hoʻopau ʻia, akā no ka nānā ʻana, ka nānā ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana a i ʻole kahi mea e neʻe ana e hana iā ia i ke kūlana maikaʻi loa i koho ʻia e ka poʻe, pono e ʻike a ana i ka nui a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO kēia ʻenehana o ka ʻike manawa maoli a me ke ana ʻana o ke kaʻina hana a me nā mea e neʻe ana ua kapa ʻia hoʻi he ʻenehana nānā ʻenekinia.
ʻElua ʻano ana: ke ana pololei a me ke ana ʻaʻole pololei
ʻO ke ana pololei ʻana, ʻo ia ke ana ʻana i ka waiwai i ana ʻia o ka heluhelu mika me ka ʻole o ka helu ʻana, e like me: ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka thermometer e ana i ka mahana, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka multimeter e ana i ke voltage
ʻO ke ana ʻana ʻaʻole pololei, ʻo ia ke ana ʻana i kekahi mau nui kino e pili ana i ke ana ʻia ʻana, a e helu i ka waiwai i ana ʻia ma o ka pilina hana. No ka laʻana, pili ka mana P i ka uila V a me ke au I, ʻo ia hoʻi, P=VI, a ua helu ʻia ka mana ma ke ana ʻana i ka uila a me ke au.
He maʻalahi a kūpono hoʻi ke ana pololei ʻana, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana maoli. Eia nō naʻe, i nā hihia kahi hiki ʻole ke ana pololei ʻana, he mea kūpono ʻole ke ana pololei ʻana a i ʻole he nui ka hewa o ke ana pololei ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ana pololei ʻana.
ʻO ka manaʻo o ke sensor photoelectric a me ke sensor
ʻO ka hana a ke sensor, ʻo ia ke hoʻololi i ka nui ʻaʻole uila i ka hopena nui uila me kahi pilina kūpono, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻōnaehana nui ʻaʻole uila a me ka ʻōnaehana nui uila. I ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻike ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana, he mea hoʻololi koʻikoʻi ka sensor. Mai ka manaʻo ikehu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke sensor i ʻelua ʻano: ʻo kekahi ka sensor kaohi ikehu, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he sensor hana; ʻO kekahi ka sensor hoʻololi ikehu, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he sensor passive. ʻO ke sensor kaohi ikehu e pili ana i ke ana ʻia ʻana o ke sensor i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻāpana uila (e like me ke kū'ē, ka capacitance) i nā loli, pono ka sensor e hoʻohui i kahi lako mana hoihoi, hiki ke ana ʻia nā loli o nā ʻāpana i ka voltage, nā loli o kēia manawa. Hiki i ka sensor hoʻololi ikehu ke hoʻololi pololei i ka loli i ana ʻia i ka loli o ka voltage a me ke au, me ka ʻole o kahi kumu hoʻonāukiuki waho.
I nā hihia he nui, ʻo ka nui ʻole o ka uila e ana ʻia, ʻaʻole ia ke ʻano o ka nui ʻole o ka uila e hiki ai i ka sensor ke hoʻololi, e koi ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi mea hana a mea paha i mua o ka sensor e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka nui ʻole o ka uila i ana ʻia i loko o ka nui ʻole o ka uila e hiki ai i ka sensor ke loaʻa a hoʻololi. ʻO ka ʻāpana a mea hana paha e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka uila ʻole i ana ʻia i ka uila i loaʻa he sensor. No ka laʻana, i ke ana ʻana i ka uila me kahi anakahi kūpaʻa kūʻē, pono e hoʻopili i ka anakahi kūpaʻa i ka element elastic o ke kaomi kūʻai aku, hoʻololi ka element elastic i ke kaomi i loko o kahi ikaika kūpaʻa, a hoʻololi ka anakahi kūpaʻa i ka ikaika kūpaʻa i kahi loli o ke kūʻē. Maanei ʻo ke anakahi kūpaʻa ka sensor, a ʻo ka element elastic ka sensor. Hiki i ka sensor a me ke sensor ke hoʻololi i ka uila ʻole i ana ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa, akā hoʻololi ka sensor i ka uila ʻole i ana ʻia i ka uila ʻole i loaʻa, a hoʻololi ka sensor i ka uila ʻole i ana ʻia i ka uila.
2, mea ʻike photoelectricHoʻokumu ʻia ia ma ka hopena photoelectric, hoʻololi i ka hōʻailona kukui i loko o kahi sensor hōʻailona uila, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mana aunoa, aerospace a me ka lekiō a me ke kīwī a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā mea ʻike photoelectric e komo pū me nā photodiodes, phototransistors, photoresistors Cds, photocouplers, nā mea ʻike photoelectric i hoʻoilina ʻia, nā photocells a me nā mea ʻike kiʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi papa o nā ʻano nui ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. I ka hoʻohana pono ʻana, pono e koho i ka mea ʻike kūpono e hoʻokō ai i ka hopena i makemake ʻia. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo koho maʻamau:ka ʻike ʻana i ka photoelectric wikiwikikaapuni, ākea ka laulā o ka mika illuminance, pono e koho ka sensor laser wikiwiki loa i ka photodiode; ʻO ka sensor photoelectric pulse maʻalahi o kekahi mau tausani Hertz a me ke kuapo photoelectric pulse haʻahaʻa wikiwiki i ke kaapuni maʻalahi e koho i ka phototransistor; ʻOiai lohi ka wikiwiki o ka pane, ʻo ke sensor alahaka kū'ē me ka hana maikaʻi a me ke sensor photoelectric me ka waiwai kū'ē, ʻo ke sensor photoelectric i ke kaapuni kukui aunoa o ke kukui alanui, a me ke kū'ē loli e loli like me ka ikaika o ke kukui e koho i nā mea photosensitive Cds a me Pbs; Pono e hoʻohui ʻia nā encoders Rotary, nā sensor wikiwiki a me nā sensor laser wikiwiki loa i nā sensor photoelectric.
ʻAno sensor photoelectric Laʻana o ke sensor photoelectric
Huina PNPN Photodiode(Si, Ge, GaAs)
PIN Photodiode (mea Si)
Photodiode avalanche(Si, Ge)
Phototransistor (ʻōmole PhotoDarlington) (mea Si)
ʻIke photoelectric i hoʻohui ʻia a me ka thyristor photoelectric (mea Si)
ʻO ke kiʻi photocell junction ʻole-pn (mea e hoʻohana ana iā CdS, CdSe, Se, PbS)
Nā ʻāpana thermoelectric (nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia (PZT, LiTaO3, PbTiO3)
ʻAno paipu uila phototube, paipu kāmela, paipu photomultiplier
Nā mea ʻike kala ʻē aʻe (Si, α-Si mea)
Mea ʻike kiʻi paʻa (mea Si, ʻano CCD, ʻano MOS, ʻano CPD
ʻElemene ʻike kūlana (PSD) (mea Si)
Photocell (Photodiode) (Si no nā mea hana)
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-18-2023