Pūnaehana mea pono Photonic integrated circuit (PIC).

Pūnaehana mea pono Photonic integrated circuit (PIC).

ʻO ka Silicon photonics kahi aʻo e hoʻohana ana i nā kūkulu planar e pili ana i nā mea silika e kuhikuhi i ka mālamalama e hoʻokō i nā hana like ʻole. Ke nānā aku nei mākou i ka noi ʻana o nā kiʻi kiʻi silika i ka hana ʻana i nā transmitters a me nā mea hoʻokipa no nā kamaʻilio fiber optic. E like me ka pono e hoʻohui hou aku i ka bandwidth i hāʻawi ʻia, kahi wāwae i hāʻawi ʻia, a me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kiʻi kiʻi silika. No ka ʻāpana optical,ʻenehana hoʻohui photonicPono e hoʻohana ʻia, a ua kūkulu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā transceivers i kēia lā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā modulators LiNbO3/planar light-wave circuit (PLC) a me nā mea hoʻokipa InP/PLC.

Kiʻi 1: Hōʻike i nā ʻōnaehana mea maʻamau photonic integrated circuit (PIC).

Hōʻike ka helu 1 i nā ʻōnaehana mea PIC kaulana loa. Mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau he silica PIC (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo PLC), insulator PIC (silicon photonics), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), a me III-V pūʻulu PIC, e like me InP a me GaAs. Ke kālele nei kēia pepa i nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻilika. Inkiʻi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, ke hele nui nei ka hōʻailona māmā i loko o ka silikoni, nona ka ʻāpana hui kūʻokoʻa o 1.12 electron volts (me ka nalu o 1.1 microns). Hoʻoulu ʻia ʻo Silicon ma ke ʻano o nā kristal maʻemaʻe i loko o nā umu ahi a ʻokiʻoki ʻia i loko o nā wafers, i kēia lā he 300 mm ke anawaena. Hoʻokahe ʻia ka ʻili wafer e hana i kahi papa silica. Hoʻopili ʻia kekahi o nā wafers me nā ʻātoma hydrogen i kahi hohonu. Hoʻohui ʻia nā wafers ʻelua i loko o kahi ʻūhā a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ko lākou mau papa oxide i kekahi i kekahi. Ua haki ka hui ma ka laina hoʻokomo hydrogen ion. A laila, hoʻomāliʻi ʻia ka papa silika ma ka māwae, a laila e waiho ana i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o ka crystalline Si ma luna o ka wafer silika "lima" paʻa ma luna o ka papa silica. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā alakaʻi nalu mai kēia ʻāpana ʻeleʻele lahilahi. ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau wafers insulator-based insulator (SOI) e hana i nā alakaʻi nalu kiʻi kiʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o lākou i nā kaapuni CMOS haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o kēia manawa.

Nui nā ʻano o nā alakaʻi nalu optical ma muli o ke kilika, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2. Aia lākou mai ka microscale germanium-doped silica waveguides i nā nanoscale Silicon Wire waveguides. Ma ka hui ʻana i ka germanium, hiki ke hananā mea nānā kiʻia me ka lawe uilamodulators, a me nā mea hoʻonui optical paha. Ma ka doping silika, anmea hoʻololi ʻōpikahiki ke hana. ʻO ka lalo mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau, ʻo ia: alakaʻi nalu uea silika, alakaʻi hawewe silikon nitride, alakaʻi hawewe silikon oxynitride, alakaʻi hawewe silikon mānoanoa, alakaʻi hawewe silikon nitride lahilahi a me doped silicon waveguide. Aia ma luna, mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau, he mau modulator depletion, germanium photodetectors, a me germanium.nā mea hoʻonui optical.

Kiʻi 2: ʻO ka ʻāpana keʻa o kahi moʻo alakaʻi nalu optical ma muli o ke silika, e hōʻike ana i nā poho hoʻolaha maʻamau a me nā helu refractive.