ʻŌnaehana mea hoʻohuihui photonic (PIC)

ʻŌnaehana mea hoʻohuihui photonic (PIC)

ʻO Silicon photonics kahi ʻoihana e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano planar e pili ana i nā mea silicon e kuhikuhi i ka mālamalama e hoʻokō i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Ke nānā nei mākou ma aneʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā silicon photonics i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoili a me nā mea loaʻa no nā kamaʻilio fiber optic. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka pono e hoʻohui i ka hoʻoili hou aku ma kahi bandwidth i hāʻawi ʻia, kahi kapuaʻi i hāʻawi ʻia, a me kahi kumukūʻai i hāʻawi ʻia, lilo nā silicon photonics i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokele waiwai. No ka ʻāpana optical,ʻenehana hoʻohui photonicpono e hoʻohana ʻia, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā transceivers coherent i kēia lā ua kūkulu ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā modulators LiNbO3/planar light-wave circuit (PLC) kaʻawale a me nā mea hoʻokipa InP/PLC.

Kiʻi 1: Hōʻike i nā ʻōnaehana mea photonic integrated circuit (PIC) i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.

Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 1 i nā ʻōnaehana mea PIC kaulana loa. Mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau, ʻo ia ka silica PIC i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka silicon (ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo PLC), ka insulator PIC i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka silicon (silicon photonics), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), a me ka III-V group PIC, e like me InP a me GaAs. Ke nānā nei kēia pepa i nā photonics i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka silicon. I lokonā photonics silicon, hele nui ka hōʻailona kukui ma ka silicon, nona kahi ʻāpana band indirect o 1.12 electron volts (me ka nalu o 1.1 microns). Hoʻoulu ʻia ka Silicon ma ke ʻano o nā kristal maʻemaʻe i loko o nā umu a laila ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā wafers, i kēia lā he 300 mm ke anawaena. Hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻili wafer e hana i kahi papa silica. Hoʻopuehu ʻia kekahi o nā wafers me nā ʻātoma hydrogen i kahi hohonu. A laila hoʻohui ʻia nā wafers ʻelua i loko o kahi vacuum a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ko lākou mau papa oxide kekahi i kekahi. Uhaʻi ka hui ma ka laina hoʻokomo ion hydrogen. A laila hoʻopili ʻia ka papa silicon ma ka māwae, a laila waiho i kahi papa lahilahi o ka crystalline Si ma luna o ka wafer "handle" silicon i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o ka papa silica. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā Waveguides mai kēia papa crystalline lahilahi. ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau wafers insulator (SOI) e hana i nā waveguides silicon photonics haʻahaʻa-pohō, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻana i nā kaapuni CMOS mana haʻahaʻa ma muli o ke au leaka haʻahaʻa a lākou e hāʻawi ai.

Nui nā ʻano o nā waveguides optical i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka silicon, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2. Loaʻa lākou mai nā waveguides silica doped germanium microscale a i nā waveguides Silicon Wire nanoscale. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka germanium, hiki ke hananā mea nānā kiʻia me ka omo uilanā mea hoʻololi, a hiki paha i nā mea hoʻoikaika optical. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka silicon, hemea hoʻololi ʻike makahiki ke hana ʻia. ʻO ka lalo mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau: ka waveguide uea silicon, ka waveguide silicon nitride, ka waveguide silicon oxynitride, ka waveguide silicon ridge mānoanoa, ka waveguide silicon nitride lahilahi a me ka waveguide silicon doped. Ma luna, mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau, aia nā modulators depletion, nā photodetectors germanium, a me ka germaniumnā mea hoʻonui optical.

Kiʻi 2: ʻO ka ʻāpana kea o kahi moʻo alakaʻi nalu optical i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka silicon, e hōʻike ana i nā pohō hoʻolaha maʻamau a me nā ʻōkuhi refractive.