ʻO ke kamaʻilio Quantum ka ʻāpana kikowaena o ka ʻenehana ʻike quantum. Loaʻa iā ia nā pono o ka hūnā loa, ka nui o ka hiki ke kamaʻilio, ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoili ʻana, a pēlā aku. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i nā hana kikoʻī i hiki ʻole i ke kamaʻilio kuʻuna ke hoʻokō. Hiki i ke kamaʻilio Quantum ke hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana kī pilikino, kahi hiki ʻole ke wehewehe ʻia e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano maoli o ke kamaʻilio palekana, no laila ua lilo ke kamaʻilio quantum i mua o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana ma ka honua. Hoʻohana ke kamaʻilio Quantum i ke kūlana quantum ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana ʻike e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻoili pono ʻana o ka ʻike. He kipi ʻē aʻe ia i ka mōʻaukala o ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma hope o ke kelepona a me ke kamaʻilio optical.
Nā ʻāpana nui o ke kamaʻilio quantum:
Ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kī huna Quantum
ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā kī huna Quantum e hoʻouna i nā ʻike pilikino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ia ke hoʻokumu a kamaʻilio i ka puke cipher, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hāʻawi i ke kī pilikino i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kamaʻilio pilikino, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ke kamaʻilio cryptography quantum.
I ka makahiki 1984, ua hāpai ʻo Bennett o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me brassart o Kanada i ka protocol BB84, kahi e hoʻohana ai i nā bits quantum ma ke ʻano he mea lawe ʻike e hoʻopili i nā kūlana quantum ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano polarization o ka mālamalama e hoʻomaopopo i ka hanauna a me ka hoʻolaha palekana o nā kī huna. I ka makahiki 1992, ua hāpai ʻo Bennett i kahi protocol B92 e pili ana i ʻelua mau kūlana quantum nonorthogonal me ke kahe maʻalahi a me ka hapalua pono. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau papahana ʻelua ma luna o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o nā kūlana quantum orthogonal a me nonorthogonal. ʻO ka hope loa, i ka makahiki 1991, ua hāpai ʻo Ekert o UK iā E91 e pili ana i ka mokuʻāina entanglement kiʻekiʻe ʻelua-particle, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hui EPR.
I ka makahiki 1998, ua hāpai ʻia kekahi papahana kamaʻilio quantum ʻeono mokuʻāina no ke koho ʻana i ka polarization ma ʻekolu mau kumu i hoʻohui ʻia i haku ʻia me ʻehā mau mokuʻāina polarization a me ka hoʻohuli hema a kūpono i loko o ka protocol BB84. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka protocol BB84 he ʻano hoʻolaha koʻikoʻi palekana, ʻaʻole i uhaki ʻia e kekahi a hiki i kēia manawa. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka maopopo ʻole o ka quantum a me ka non-cloning quantum e hōʻoia i kona palekana piha. No laila, he waiwai koʻikoʻi ko ka protocol EPR. Hoʻopili ia i ke kūlana quantum i hoʻopili ʻia me ke kamaʻilio quantum palekana a wehe i kahi ala hou no ke kamaʻilio quantum palekana.
ka teleportation quantum
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka teleportation quantum i hāpai ʻia e Bennett a me nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻē aʻe ma ʻeono mau ʻāina i ka makahiki 1993, he ʻano hoʻoili quantum maʻemaʻe ia e hoʻohana ana i ke kahawai o ke kūlana ʻelua-ʻāpana i hoʻopili ʻia e hoʻouna i ke kūlana quantum i ʻike ʻole ʻia, a ʻo ka helu holomua o ka teleportation e hiki i ka 100% [2].
I ka makahiki 199, ua hoʻopau kahi hui Zeilinger o Austria i ka hōʻoia hoʻokolohua mua o ke kumumanaʻo o ka teleportation quantum i loko o ka hale hana. I loko o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni he nui, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēlā ʻano moʻolelo: nalowale koke kahi kiʻi pohihihi ma kahi hoʻokahi me he mea lā ma kahi. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea, ua hōʻole ka teleportation quantum i ke kumumanaʻo o ka non-cloning quantum a me ka maopopo ʻole o Heisenberg i ka mechanics quantum, he ʻano ʻepekema moʻolelo wale nō ia i ke kamaʻilio kuʻuna.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke kumumanaʻo kūikawā o ka entanglement quantum i loko o ke kamaʻilio quantum, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka ʻike kūlana quantum i ʻike ʻole ʻia o ke kumu mua i ʻelua ʻāpana: ʻike quantum a me ka ʻike kuʻuna, ka mea e hoʻokō ai i kēia hana mana kupaianaha. ʻO ka ʻike quantum ka ʻike i lawe ʻole ʻia i ke kaʻina hana ana, a ʻo ka ʻike kuʻuna ke ana mua.
Holomua i ke kamaʻilio quantum：
Mai ka makahiki 1994, ua komo mālie ke kamaʻilio quantum i ke kahua hoʻokolohua a ke hele nei i mua i ka pahuhopu kūpono, kahi i loaʻa ai ka waiwai hoʻomohala maikaʻi loa a me nā pono waiwai. I ka makahiki 1997, ua hoʻokolohua ʻo Pan Jianwei, he ʻepekema ʻōpio Kina, a me Bow Meister, he ʻepekema Dutch, a ua ʻike i ka hoʻoili mamao ʻana o nā kūlana quantum i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
I ʻApelila 2004, ua hoʻokō ʻo Sorensen et al. i ka hoʻoili ʻikepili 1.45km ma waena o nā panakō no ka manawa mua ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻikepili quantum, e hōʻailona ana i ka kamaʻilio quantum mai ka hale hana a i ke kahua noi. I kēia manawa, ua huki nui ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio quantum i ka nānā ʻana mai nā aupuni, nā ʻoihana, a me nā kula. Ke hoʻomohala ikaika nei kekahi mau ʻoihana honua kaulana i ke kālepa ʻana o ka ʻike quantum, e like me ka Hui kelepona Pelekane a me Telegraph, bell, IBM, at & T laboratories ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ka hui Toshiba ma Iapana, ka hui Siemens ma Kelemania, a pēlā aku. Eia kekahi, i ka makahiki 2008, ua hoʻokumu ka "papahana hoʻomohala pūnaewele kamaʻilio palekana honua e pili ana i ka cryptography quantum" o ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa i kahi pūnaewele hōʻike a me ka hōʻoia kamaʻilio palekana 7-node.
I ka makahiki 2010, ua hōʻike ka makasina Time o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka holomua o ka hoʻokolohua teleportation quantum 16 km a Kina ma ke kolamu o "nā nūhou pahū" me ke poʻo inoa ʻo "leap of China's Quantum Science," e hōʻike ana e hiki iā Kina ke hoʻokumu i kahi pūnaewele kamaʻilio quantum ma waena o ka honua a me ka satellite [3]. I ka makahiki 2010, ua hoʻokumu ka National Intelligence and Communication Research Institute of Japan a me Mitsubishi Electric a me NEC, ID quantified o Switzerland, Toshiba Europe Limited, a me Vienna āpau o Austria i nā kikowaena ʻeono metropolitan quantum communication network "Tokyo QKD network" ma Tokyo. Ke nānā nei ka pūnaewele i nā hopena noiʻi hou loa o nā ʻoihana noiʻi a me nā ʻoihana me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio quantum ma Iapana a me ʻEulopa.
ʻO Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. aia ma ke awāwa ʻo "Silicon Valley" ma Kina - ʻo Beijing Zhongguancun, he ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka lawelawe ʻana i nā ʻoihana noiʻi kūloko a me nā ʻāina ʻē, nā ʻoihana noiʻi, nā kulanui a me nā limahana noiʻi ʻepekema ʻoihana. Ke komo nui nei kā mākou hui i ka noiʻi kūʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka hoʻolālā, ka hana ʻana, ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā huahana optoelectronic, a hāʻawi i nā hoʻonā hou a me nā lawelawe ʻoihana, pilikino no nā mea noiʻi ʻepekema a me nā ʻenekinia ʻoihana. Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hana hou kūʻokoʻa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi moʻo waiwai a kūpono hoʻi o nā huahana photoelectric, i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke kūlanakauhale, ka pūʻali koa, ka halihali, ka mana uila, ke kālā, ka hoʻonaʻauao, ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
Ke kakali nei mākou i ka laulima ʻana me ʻoe!
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-05-2023