ʻO ke kamaʻilio kuʻuna ke kikowaena o ka ʻenehana ʻike quantum. Loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi o ka huna huna, ka hiki ke kamaʻilio nui, ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouna ʻana, a pēlā aku. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i nā hana kūikawā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ka kamaʻilio kahiko. Hiki i ke kamaʻilio kuʻuna ke hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana kī pilikino, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e ʻike i ke ʻano maoli o ka kamaʻilio paʻa, no laila ua lilo ke kamaʻilio quantum i mua o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana i ka honua. Hoʻohana ke kamaʻilio kuʻuna i ka quantum state ma ke ʻano he mea ʻike e ʻike ai i ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka ʻike. He hoʻololi hou ia i ka mōʻaukala o ke kamaʻilio ma hope o ke kelepona a me ke kamaʻilio optical.
ʻO nā mea nui o ke kamaʻilio quantum:
Ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kī huna nui:
ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka puʻunaue kī huna kuantum no ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻike huna. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ia ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ka puke cipher, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hāʻawi i ke kī pilikino i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kamaʻilio pilikino, i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo quantum cryptography communication.
I ka makahiki 1984, ua noi ʻo Bennett o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me brassart o Kanada i ka protocol BB84, e hoʻohana ana i nā bits quantum e like me nā mea lawe ʻike e hoʻopili ai i nā mokuʻāina quantum ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona polarization o ka mālamalama e ʻike ai i ka hanauna a me ka hāʻawi palekana ʻana i nā kī huna. I ka makahiki 1992, ua noi ʻo Bennett i kahi protocol B92 e pili ana i ʻelua mau mokuʻāina nonorthogonal quantum me ke kahe maʻalahi a me ka hapalua pono. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau papahana ʻelua ma luna o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā pūʻulu o nā mokuʻāina kuantum orthogonal a me nonorthogonal. ʻO ka mea hope loa, i ka makahiki 1991, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Ekert o UK i ka E91 e pili ana i ka mokuʻāina ʻelua-particle maximum entanglement, ʻo ia hoʻi ka EPR pair.
I ka makahiki 1998, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio quantum ʻeono mokuʻāina no ke koho polarization ma nā kumu conjugated ʻekolu i haku ʻia me nā mokuʻāina polarization ʻehā a me ka huli ʻana a me ka pono i ka protocol BB84. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻo BB84 protocol he ala hoʻolaha koʻikoʻi palekana, ʻaʻole i haki ʻia e kekahi i kēia manawa. ʻO ke kumu o ka quantum uncertainty a me quantum non-cloning e hōʻoia i kona palekana. No laila, loaʻa i ka protocol EPR ka waiwai theoretical koʻikoʻi. Hoʻopili ia i ke kūlana quantum entangled me ka kamaʻilio quantum paʻa a wehe i kahi ala hou no ka kamaʻilio quantum paʻa.
teleportation quantum:
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka teleportation quantum i manaʻo ʻia e Bennett a me nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻē aʻe ma ʻeono mau ʻāina i ka makahiki 1993 he ʻano hoʻouna quantum maʻemaʻe e hoʻohana ana i ke ala o ka mokuʻāina hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻelua-particle e hoʻouna i ke kūlana quantum ʻike ʻole, a hiki i ka 100% ka holomua o ka teleportation [ 2].
I ka makahiki 199, a. Ua hoʻopau ka hui Zeilinger o Austria i ka hōʻoia hoʻokolohua mua o ke kumu o ka teleportation quantum i loko o ka hale hana. I loko o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni he nui, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēlā ʻano hoʻolālā: nalo koke kahi mea pohihihi ma kahi hoʻokahi. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea, ua kūʻē ke teleportation quantum i ke kumu o ka quantum non-cloning a me Heisenberg uncertainty i ka quantum mechanics, he ʻano ʻepekema ʻepekema wale nō ia i ka kamaʻilio kahiko.
Eia naʻe, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka manaʻo kūʻokoʻa o ka quantum entanglement i loko o ke kamaʻilio quantum, ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻike kuantum state o ka mea kumu i ʻelua ʻāpana: ka ʻike quantum a me ka ʻike kuʻuna, kahi e hana ai kēia hana mana kupaianaha. ʻO ka ʻike kuantum ka ʻike ʻaʻole i unuhi ʻia ma ke kaʻina ana, a ʻo ka ʻike kuʻuna ke ana kumu.
Ka holomua ma ka quantum communication:
Mai ka makahiki 1994, ua komo mālie ke kamaʻilio quantum i ke kahua hoʻokolohua a ke neʻe nei i mua i ka pahuhopu kūpono, nona ka waiwai hoʻomohala maikaʻi a me nā pono waiwai. I ka makahiki 1997, ua hoʻāʻo a ʻike ʻo pan Jianwei, he kanaka ʻepekema ʻōpio Kina, a me ka bow meister, he ʻepekema Dutch, i ka lawe mamao ʻana o nā mokuʻāina quantum ʻike ʻole.
I ʻApelila 2004, ʻo Sorensen et al. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻoili ʻikepili 1.45km ma waena o nā panakō no ka manawa mua ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka puʻupuʻu quantum entanglement, e hōʻailona ana i ke kamaʻilio quantum mai ka hale hana a hiki i ke kahua noi. I kēia manawa, ua ʻike nui ʻia ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio quantum mai nā aupuni, ʻoihana, a me nā ʻoihana kula. Ke hoʻoikaika nei kekahi mau hui honua kaulana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike quantum, e like me ke kelepona Pelekane a me Telegraph Company, bele, IBM, ma & T laboratories ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hui Toshiba ma Iapana, hui ʻo Siemens ma Kelemānia, etc. 2008, ʻo ka European Union "ka papahana hoʻomohala pūnaewele palekana honua e pili ana i ka quantum cryptography" i hoʻonohonoho i kahi 7-node palekana kamaʻilio Demonstration a me ka pūnaewele hōʻoia.
I ka makahiki 2010, ua hōʻike ʻo Time magazine o ʻAmelika i ka kūleʻa o ka hoʻokolohua teleportation quantum 16 km a Kina i ke kolamu o "nā nūhou pahū" me ke poʻo inoa o "leap of China's Quantum Science," e hōʻike ana e hiki iā Kina ke hoʻokumu i kahi ʻoihana kamaʻilio quantum ma waena o nā. honua a me ka ukali [3]. I ka makahiki 2010, ua hoʻokumu ka National Intelligence and Communication Research Institute o Iapana a me Mitsubishi Electric a me NEC, ID i helu ʻia o Switzerland, Toshiba Europe Limited, a me Vienna a pau o Austria i hoʻokumu i ʻeono nodes metropolitan quantum communication network "Tokyo QKD network" ma Tokyo. Ke nānā nei ka pūnaewele i nā hopena noiʻi hou loa o nā keʻena noiʻi a me nā hui me ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio quantum ma Iapana a me ʻEulopa.
ʻO Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. aia ma Kina "Silicon Valley" - Beijing Zhongguancun, he ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka lawelawe ʻana i nā keʻena noiʻi kūloko a me nā ʻāina ʻē, nā keʻena noiʻi, nā kulanui a me nā limahana noiʻi ʻepekema ʻoihana. Ke hana nui nei kā mākou hui i ka noiʻi kūʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka hoʻolālā, ka hana ʻana, ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā huahana optoelectronic, a hāʻawi i nā hoʻonā hou a me nā ʻoihana, nā lawelawe pilikino no nā mea noiʻi ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana ʻenehana. Ma hope o nā makahiki o ke kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kahi ʻano waiwai a maikaʻi loa o nā huahana photoelectric, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kaona, ka pūʻali koa, ka halihali, ka mana uila, kālā, hoʻonaʻauao, lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
Ke kakali nei mākou i ka launa pū ʻana me ʻoe!
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-05-2023