Nā ʻāpana passive photonics Silicon

Nā kiʻi photonics silikonanā ʻāpana hana ʻole

Aia kekahi mau ʻāpana passive koʻikoʻi i loko o ka silicon photonics. ʻO kekahi o kēia he coupler grating e hoʻopuka ana i ka ʻili, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1A. Loaʻa iā ia kahi grating ikaika i loko o ka waveguide nona ka wā e like me ka wavelength o ka nalu māmā i loko o ka waveguide. ʻAe kēia i ka mālamalama e hoʻopuka ʻia a loaʻa paha i ka perpendicular i ka ʻili, e kūpono ana no nā ana wafer-level a/a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka fiber. He ʻano kūikawā nā coupler grating i ka silicon photonics no ka mea e koi ana lākou i ka ʻokoʻa index vertical kiʻekiʻe. No ka laʻana, inā ʻoe e hoʻāʻo e hana i kahi coupler grating i loko o kahi waveguide InP maʻamau, kahe pololei ke kukui i loko o ka substrate ma kahi o ka hoʻopuka ʻia ʻana i luna no ka mea he haʻahaʻa ka awelika refractive index o ka grating waveguide ma mua o ka substrate. I mea e hana ai i loko o ka InP, pono e ʻeli ʻia ka mea ma lalo o ka grating e hoʻokuʻu iā ia, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1B.

Kiʻi 1: nā mea hoʻopili grating hoʻokahi-dimensional e hoʻopuka ana i ka ʻili i loko o ka silicon (A) a me InP (B). Ma (A), hōʻike ka hina a me ka polū māmā i ka silicon a me ka silica, kēlā me kēia. Ma (B), hōʻike ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻalani iā ​​InGaAsP a me InP, kēlā me kēia. ʻO nā Kiʻi (C) a me (D) he mau kiʻi microscope electron scanning (SEM) o kahi mea hoʻopili grating cantilever InP i hoʻokuʻu ʻia.

ʻO kekahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ka mea hoʻololi nui-kiko (SSC) ma waena oalakaʻi nalu ʻōpihoa me ke olonā, ka mea e hoʻololi i kahi ʻano o kahi 0.5 × 1 μm2 i loko o ke alakaʻi nalu silicon i kahi ʻano o kahi 10 × 10 μm2 i loko o ke olonā. ʻO kahi ala maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo ka inverse taper, kahi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa mālie ai ke alakaʻi nalu i kahi wēlau liʻiliʻi, kahi e hopena ai i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o kaʻike makaʻāpana ʻano. Hiki ke hopu ʻia kēia ʻano e kahi alakaʻi nalu aniani i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2. Me ia SSC, hiki ke hoʻokō maʻalahi ʻia ka pohō coupling ma lalo o 1.5dB.

Kiʻi 2: Mea hoʻololi nui hoʻohālike no nā alakaʻi nalu uea silicon. Hoʻokumu ka mea silicon i kahi ʻano conical inverse i loko o ke alakaʻi nalu aniani i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Ua kālai ʻia ka substrate silicon ma lalo o ke alakaʻi nalu aniani i hoʻokuʻu ʻia.

ʻO ka ʻāpana passive koʻikoʻi ka polarization beam splitter. Hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau laʻana o nā polarization splitters ma ke Kiʻi 3. ʻO ka mua he Mach-Zender interferometer (MZI), kahi i loaʻa ai i kēlā me kēia lima kahi birefringence ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka lua he coupler kuhikuhi maʻalahi. Kiʻekiʻe loa ke ʻano birefringence o kahi waveguide uea silicon maʻamau, no laila hiki ke hoʻopili piha ʻia ke kukui polarized transverse magnetic (TM), ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kukui polarized transverse electrical (TE). ʻO ke kolu he coupler grating, kahi i kau ʻia ai ka fiber ma kahi Angle i hoʻopili ʻia ai ke kukui polarized TE i kekahi ʻaoʻao a hoʻopili ʻia ke kukui polarized TM i kekahi. ʻO ka hā he coupler grating ʻelua-dimensional. ʻO nā ʻano fiber nona nā kahua uila e kū pololei ana i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka waveguide e hoʻopili ʻia i ka waveguide pili. Hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ka fiber a hoʻopili ʻia i ʻelua mau waveguides, a i ʻole kū pololei i ka ʻili a hoʻopili ʻia i ʻehā mau waveguides. ʻO kahi pōmaikaʻi hou aʻe o nā mea hoʻopili grating ʻelua-dimensional ʻo ia kā lākou hana ma ke ʻano he polarization rotators, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo nā kukui āpau ma ka chip he polarization like, akā hoʻohana ʻia ʻelua mau polarization orthogonal i loko o ka fiber.

Kiʻi 3: Nā mea hoʻokaʻawale polarization he nui.