SPAD hoʻokahi-photon avalanche photodetector

SPADhoʻokahi-photon avalanche photodetector

I ka wā i hoʻokomo mua ʻia ai nā mea ʻike kiʻi kiʻi SPAD, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, me ka ulu ʻana o kā lākou hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā koi hiʻohiʻona,Mea nānā kiʻi SPADUa hoʻohana nui ʻia nā sensor i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kūʻai aku e like me nā radar automotive, robots, a me nā kaʻa lewa ʻole. Ma muli o kona ʻano kiʻekiʻe a me nā hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua lilo ka SPAD photodetector sensor i mea koho maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻike hohonu kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

ʻAʻole like me nā mea ʻike kiʻi CMOS kahiko (CIS) e pili ana i nā junctions PN, ʻo ke ʻano kumu o SPAD photodetector he avalanche diode e hana ana ma ke ʻano Geiger. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o nā mīkini kino, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī o ka photodetector SPAD ma mua o nā mea hana PN junction. Hōʻike nui ʻia kēia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohuli ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilikia e like me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea lawe kaulike ʻole, nā hopena electron thermal, a me nā kahawai tunneling i kōkua ʻia e nā mokuʻāina defect. Hoʻopilikia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi ma ka hoʻolālā, kaʻina hana, a me nā pae hoʻolālā kaapuni.

Nā palena hana maʻamau oMea ʻike kiʻi ʻo SPAD avalancheHoʻokomo pū ʻia ka nui Pixel (Lahi Pixel), ka leo helu ʻeleʻele (DCR), hiki ke ʻike i ka mālamalama (PDE), ka manawa make (DeadTime), a me ka manawa pane (Wā pane). Hoʻopili pololei kēia mau ʻāpana i ka hana o ka SPAD avalanche photodetector. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka helu helu ʻeleʻele (DCR) kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi no ka wehewehe ʻana i ka walaʻau ʻike, a pono ka SPAD e mālama i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka haʻihaʻi e hana ma ke ʻano he mea ʻike kiʻi hoʻokahi. Hoʻoholo ka probability of light detection (PDE) i ka naʻau o SPADʻike kiʻi avalanchea ua hoʻopili ʻia e ka ikaika a me ka puʻunaue o ke kahua uila. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka DeadTime ka manawa i koi ʻia no ka SPAD e hoʻi i kona kūlana mua ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana, e pili ana i ka helu kiʻekiʻe o ka photon detection rate a me ka dynamic range.

I ka hoʻokō pono ʻana o nā polokalamu SPAD, ʻo ka pilina paʻa i waena o nā ʻāpana hana koʻikoʻi he paʻakikī nui: no ka laʻana, alakaʻi pololei ka pixel miniaturization i ka attenuation PDE, a ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o nā māla uila i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka miniaturization nui e hoʻonui i ka DCR. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka manawa make e hoʻoulu i ka walaʻau post-impulse a hōʻemi i ka pololei o ka jitter manawa. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa i ka hopena ʻokiʻoki i kahi pae o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hui ʻana ma o nā ʻano e like me DTI / protection loop (kaomi ʻana i ka crosstalk a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka DCR), ka pixel optical optimization, ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hou (SiGe avalanche layer e hoʻonui ana i ka pane infrared), a me nā ʻāpana hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa ʻekolu.