ʻO ke kumu hana a me nā ʻano nui o ka laser semiconductor

ʻO ke kumu hana a me nā ʻano nui olaser semiconductor

SemiconductorNā diodes laser, me ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, miniaturization a me ka nalu lōʻihi, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā mea nui o ka ʻenehana optoelectronic i nā kula e like me ke kamaʻilio, ka mālama olakino a me ka hana ʻoihana. Hoʻopuka hou kēia ʻatikala i ka loina hana a me nā ʻano o nā laser semiconductor, kahi kūpono no ke koho koho ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā mea noiʻi optoelectronic.

1. ʻO ke kumukānāwai kukui o nā laser semiconductor

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu luminescence o nā laser semiconductor ma ke ʻano o ka band, nā hoʻololi uila a me ka hoʻoulu ʻia o nā mea semiconductor. ʻO nā mea Semiconductor kahi ʻano mea me kahi bandgap, kahi i loaʻa i kahi hui valence a me kahi hui conduction. Aia ka mea i loko o ka moku'āina, hoʻopiha nā electrons i ka band valence ʻoiai ʻaʻohe electrons i loko o ka hui conduction. Ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi kahua uila ma waho a i ʻole ke hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ke au, e hoʻololi kekahi mau electrons mai ke kaula valence a i ke kaula conduction, e hana ana i mau lua electron-hole. I ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ikehu, i ka wā e hoʻoulu ʻia ai kēia mau lua electron-hole e ka honua o waho, e hana ʻia nā photons, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā lasers.

2. Nā ʻano hoʻohiwahiwa o nā laser semiconductor

ʻEkolu mau ala hoʻouluulu no nā lasers semiconductor, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano hoʻokele uila, ʻano pump optical a me ke ʻano hoʻokiʻekiʻe electron beam kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā laser semiconductor i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka uila: ʻO ka maʻamau, he semiconductor surface-junction diodes i hana ʻia me nā mea like me gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium sulfide (CdS), indium phosphide (InP), a me zinc sulfide (ZnS). Hauʻoli lākou ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kēia manawa ma ka ʻaoʻao o mua, e hoʻoulu ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka ʻāina mokulele junction.

ʻO nā laser semiconductor i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia: ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo N-type a i ʻole P-type semiconductor kristal hoʻokahi (e like me GaAS, InAs, InSb, etc.) i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka mea hana, a me kalaserhoʻohana ʻia e nā lasers ʻē aʻe e like me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka optically pumped excitation.

ʻO nā lasers semiconductor i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka uila uila kiʻekiʻe: ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hoʻohana lākou i ka N-type a i ʻole P-type semiconductor kristal hoʻokahi (e like me PbS,CdS,ZhO, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma ke ʻano he mea hana a hauʻoli i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi kukuna electron ikaika nui mai waho. Ma waena o nā mea laser semiconductor, ʻo ka mea me ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻohana ākea ʻo ia ka laser diode GaAs injected me kahi heterostructure pālua.

3. ʻO nāʻano nui o nā laser semiconductor

ʻO ka Active Region o kahi laser semiconductor ka wahi kumu no ka hana photon a me ka hoʻonui ʻana, a ʻo kona mānoanoa he mau micrometers wale nō. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hale alakaʻi nalu i loko e kaohi i ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana o nā kiʻi kiʻi a hoʻonui i ka ikehu (e like me nā alakaʻi nalu a me nā heterojunctions i kanu ʻia). Hoʻohana ka laser i kahi hoʻolālā wela a koho i nā mea hoʻonaninani wela kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka copper-tungsten alloy) no ka hoʻoheheʻe wela wikiwiki, hiki ke pale i ka neʻe ʻana o ka nalu ma muli o ka wela. E like me kā lākou hoʻolālā a me nā hiʻohiʻona noi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā laser semiconductor i nā ʻano ʻehā:

Kekahi-Emitting Laser (EEL)

Hoʻopuka ʻia ka laser mai ka ʻaoʻao cleavage ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka chip, e hana ana i kahi wahi elliptical (me kahi Angle divergence ma kahi o 30 ° × 10 °). ʻO nā lōʻihi nalu maʻamau ʻo 808nm (no ka pāpaʻi ʻana), 980 nm (no ke kamaʻilio), a me 1550 nm (no ka kamaʻilio fiber). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka ʻoki ʻana i ka ʻoihana mana kiʻekiʻe, nā puna puna laser fiber, a me nā ʻupena iwi kuamoʻo optical.

2. ʻO ka iʻa e hoʻoheheʻe ana i ka Laser (VCSEL)

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka laser perpendicularly i ka ʻili o ka chip, me ka pōʻai a me ka symmetrical beam (divergence Angle <15°). Hoʻohui ia i kahi hōʻike Bragg i hāʻawi ʻia (DBR), e hoʻopau ana i ka pono o kahi reflector waho. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka ʻike 3D (e like me ka ʻike maka kelepona paʻa), ke kamaʻilio optical pōkole (nā kikowaena data), a me LiDAR.

3. Kuantum Cascade Laser (QCL)

Ma muli o ka hoʻololi cascade o nā electrons ma waena o quantum Wells, uhi ka hawewe i ka waena waena a hiki i ka mamao-infrared (3-30 μm), me ka ʻole o ka pono no ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka heluna kanaka. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kiʻi ma o nā hoʻololi intersubband a hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā noi e like me ka ʻike kinoea (e like me ka ʻike CO₂), ke kiʻi terahertz, a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni.

4. Laser Tunable

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka lua waho o ka laser tunable (grating/prism /MEMS mirror) hiki ke hoʻokō i ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe kani ʻana o ± 50 nm, me kahi laina laina haiki (<100 kHz) a me kahi ratio hōʻole ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe (>50 dB). Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i nā noi e like me ka dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) kamaʻilio, spectral analysis, a me ka biomedical imaging. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā laser Semiconductor i nā ʻenehana laser kamaʻilio, nā mea mālama laser digital, nā mea hana laser, ka māka ʻana a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka paʻi ʻana, nā lāʻau lapaʻau laser, ka mamao o ka laser a me nā mea ʻike collimation, nā mea kani laser a me nā mea hana no ka ʻoliʻoli a me ka hoʻonaʻauao, nā ʻāpana laser a me nā ʻāpana, etc. Ma muli o kāna ākea o nā noi, he nui nā hōʻailona a me nā mea hana i nā lasers. I ka wā e koho ai, pono e hoʻokumu ʻia i nā pono kikoʻī a me nā kahua noi. Loaʻa i nā mea hana like ʻole nā ​​noi like ʻole i nā ʻano like ʻole, a pono e hana ʻia ke koho ʻana o nā mea hana a me nā lasers e like me ke kahua noi maoli o ka papahana.