ʻO ka laser pulse X-ray attosecond papa TW

ʻO ka laser pulse X-ray attosecond papa TW
ʻO ke kukuna X-ray Attosecondkukuna pulseme ka mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi o ka pulse pōkole ke kī e hoʻokō ai i ka spectroscopy nonlinear ultrafast a me ke kiʻi diffraction X-ray. Ua hoʻohana ka hui noiʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi cascade o ʻelua-kahuaNā kukuna uila manuahi X-raye hoʻopuka i nā pulse attosecond discrete. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hōʻike e kū nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mana kiʻekiʻe awelika o nā pulse e kahi kauoha o ka nui, ʻo ka mana kiʻekiʻe loa he 1.1 TW, a ʻoi aku ka ikehu waena ma mua o 100 μJ. Hāʻawi pū ke aʻo ʻana i nā hōʻike ikaika no ka hana superradiation like soliton ma ke kahua X-ray.Nā lasers ikehu kiʻekiʻeua hoʻokele i nā wahi noiʻi hou he nui, me ke kahua kiʻekiʻe o ka physics, ka spectroscopy attosecond, a me nā mea hoʻolalelale laser particle. Ma waena o nā ʻano lasers āpau, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kukuna X i ka ʻike lapaʻau, ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema ʻoihana, ka nānā palekana a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema. Hiki i ka X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) ke hoʻonui i ka mana X-ray kiʻekiʻe ma kekahi mau kauoha o ka nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻenehana hanauna X-ray ʻē aʻe, no laila e hoʻonui ana i ka noi o nā kukuna X i ke kahua o ka spectroscopy nonlinear a me ke kiʻi diffraction diffraction hoʻokahi-particle kahi e pono ai ka mana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka attosecond XFEL holomua hou nei he hoʻokō nui ia i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana attosecond, e hoʻonui ana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ma mua o ʻeono mau kauoha o ka nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kumu X-ray benchtop.

Nā lasers uila manuahihiki ke loaʻa nā ikehu pulse i nā kauoha he nui o ka nui ma mua o ka pae hoʻokuʻu spontaneous me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka instability collective, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka pilina mau o ke kahua radiation ma ke kukuna electron relativistic a me ka oscillator magnetic. Ma ka pae X-ray paʻakikī (ma kahi o 0.01 nm a i 0.1 nm wavelength), hoʻokō ʻia ka FEL e nā ʻenehana bundle compression a me post-saturation coning. Ma ka pae X-ray palupalu (ma kahi o 0.1 nm a i 10 nm wavelength), hoʻokō ʻia ka FEL e ka ʻenehana cascade fresh-slice. I kēia manawa, ua hōʻike ʻia nā pulse attosecond me ka mana kiʻekiʻe o 100 GW e hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu spontaneous (ESASE).

Ua hoʻohana ka hui noiʻi i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonui ʻelua-kahua e pili ana iā XFEL e hoʻonui i ka pulse X-ray attosecond palupalu mai ka linac coherent.kumu kukuii ka pae TW, kahi hoʻomaikaʻi nui ma luna o nā hopena i hōʻike ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻokolohua ma ke Kiʻi 1. Ma muli o ke ʻano ESASE, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka emitter photocathode e loaʻa ai kahi kukuna electron me kahi spike au kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā pulse X-ray attosecond. Aia ka pulse mua ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka spike o ke kukuna electron, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kihi hema hema o ke Kiʻi 1. Ke hiki ka XFEL i ka saturation, ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ke kukuna electron e pili ana i ka X-ray e kahi compressor magnetic, a laila launa pū ka pulse me ke kukuna electron (ʻāpana hou) ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia e ka modulation ESASE a i ʻole ka laser FEL. ʻO ka hope, hoʻohana ʻia kahi undulator magnetic ʻelua e hoʻonui hou aku i nā kukuna X ma o ka launa pū ʻana o nā pulse attosecond me ka ʻāpana hou.

KII. 1 Kiʻikuhi hāmeʻa hoʻokolohua; Hōʻike ka kiʻi i ka hakahaka pae lōʻihi (kiʻikuhi ikehu manawa o ka electron, ʻōmaʻomaʻo), ke ʻano o kēia manawa (uliuli), a me ka radiation i hana ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kauoha mua (poni). XTCAV, lua transverse X-band; cVMI, ʻōnaehana kiʻi palapala wikiwiki coaxial; FZP, spectrometer papa band Fresnel

Ua kūkulu ʻia nā pulse attosecond āpau mai ka walaʻau, no laila he ʻokoʻa nā waiwai spectral a me ka manawa-domain o kēlā me kēia pulse, kahi a nā mea noiʻi i ʻimi ai me ka kikoʻī. Ma ke ʻano o nā spectra, ua hoʻohana lākou i kahi spectrometer papa band Fresnel e ana i nā spectra o nā pulse pākahi ma nā lōʻihi undulator like ʻole, a ua ʻike ʻia ua mālama kēia mau spectra i nā ʻano nalu maʻalahi ma hope o ka hoʻonui lua, e hōʻike ana ua noho like ʻole nā ​​pulse. Ma ka domain manawa, ua ana ʻia ka fringe angular a ua wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano nalu domain manawa o ka pulse. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1, ua uhi ʻia ka pulse X-ray me ka pulse laser infrared polarized circularly. ʻO nā photoelectrons ionized e ka pulse X-ray e hana i nā kaha ma ke kuhikuhi e kūʻē i ka vector potential o ka laser infrared. Ma muli o ka wili ʻana o ke kahua uila o ka laser me ka manawa, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hoʻolaha momentum o ka photoelectron e ka manawa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka electron, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ke ʻano angular o ka manawa hoʻokuʻu a me ka hoʻolaha momentum o ka photoelectron. Ua ana ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka momentum photoelectron me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi spectrometer kiʻi hoʻohālikelike wikiwiki coaxial. Ma muli o ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me nā hopena spectral, hiki ke hana hou ʻia ke ʻano nalu manawa-domain o nā pulse attosecond. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 2 (a) i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka lōʻihi o ka pulse, me ka waena o 440 as. ʻO ka hope loa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mea ʻike nānā kinoea e ana i ka ikehu pulse, a ua helu ʻia ka palapala hoʻopuehu ma waena o ka mana pulse kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi o ka pulse e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2 (b). Pili nā hoʻonohonoho ʻekolu i nā kūlana hoʻoikaika kukuna electron like ʻole, nā kūlana coning waver a me nā kūlana lohi compressor magnetic. Ua loaʻa i nā hoʻonohonoho ʻekolu nā ikehu pulse awelika o 150, 200, a me 260 µJ, kēlā me kēia, me ka mana kiʻekiʻe loa o 1.1 TW.

Kiʻi 2. (a) Histogram hoʻolaha o ka hapalua kiʻekiʻe o ka laulā piha (FWHM) ka lōʻihi o ka pulse; (b) Kiʻikuhi hoʻopuehu e pili ana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi o ka pulse

Eia kekahi, ua ʻike pū ke aʻo ʻana no ka manawa mua i ka hanana o ka soliton-like superemission i loko o ka X-ray band, kahi e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pulse shortening mau i ka wā o ka amplification. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e kahi pilina ikaika ma waena o nā electrons a me ka radiation, me ka ikehu i hoʻoili koke ʻia mai ka electron a i ke poʻo o ka pulse X-ray a hoʻi i ka electron mai ka huelo o ka pulse. Ma o ke aʻo hohonu ʻana i kēia hanana, manaʻo ʻia e hiki ke hoʻomaopopo hou ʻia nā pulse X-ray me ka lōʻihi pōkole a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana amplification superradiation a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pulse shortening ma ke ʻano soliton-like.