TW class attosecond X-ray pulse laser

TW class attosecond X-ray pulse laser
X-ray attosecondlaser pulupulume ka mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi o ka pulse pōkole ke kī e hoʻokō i ka ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy a me ka X-ray diffraction imaging. Ua hoʻohana ka hui noiʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi cascade o ʻelua-paeX-ray free electron laserse hoʻopuka i nā pulses attosecond discrete. Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nā hōʻike e loaʻa nei, ua hoʻonuiʻia ka mana kiʻekiʻe o nā pulses e kahi kauoha o ka nui,ʻo ka mana kiʻekiʻe loa he 1.1 TW, aʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka median ma mua o 100 μJ. Hāʻawi ka haʻawina i nā hōʻike ikaika no ka hana superradiation like me soliton ma ke kahua X-ray.Nā laser ikaika kiʻekiʻeua alakaʻi i nā wahi hou o ka noiʻi, e pili ana i ka physics kiʻekiʻe, ka spectroscopy attosecond, a me ka laser particle accelerators. Ma waena o nā ʻano lasers āpau, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kukui X i ka maʻi lapaʻau, ʻike hewa ʻoihana, nānā palekana a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema. Hiki i ka X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) ke hoʻonui i ka mana X-ray kiʻekiʻe ma o kekahi mau kauoha o ka nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻenehana hana X-ray ʻē aʻe, pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka noi o nā kukui X i ke kahua o ka spectroscopy nonlinear a me ka hoʻokahi- kiʻi diffraction particle kahi e pono ai ka mana kiʻekiʻe. He lanakila nui ka attosecond XFEL i kēia manawa i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana attosecond, e hoʻonui ana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ma mua o ʻeono mau kauoha o ka nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kumu X-ray benchtop.

Nā laser electron manuahihiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻenehana pulse he nui nā kauoha o ka nui ma mua o ka pae hoʻokuʻu kūʻokoʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka instability hui, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka pā radiation i ka relativistic electron beam a me ka oscillator magnetic. Ma ka laulā X-ray paʻakikī (ma kahi o 0.01 nm a 0.1 nm ka lōʻihi o ka nalu), loaʻa ka FEL ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pūpū a me nā ʻenehana coning post-saturation. Ma ka laulā X-ray palupalu (ma kahi o 0.1 nm a 10 nm ka lōʻihi o ka nalu), ua hoʻokō ʻia ʻo FEL e ka ʻenehana cascade hou-slice. I kēia mau lā, ua hōʻike ʻia nā pulses attosecond me ka mana kiʻekiʻe o 100 GW me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa (ESASE).

Ua hoʻohana ka hui noiʻi i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonui ʻelua-pae ma muli o XFEL e hoʻonui i ka puka uila X-ray attosecond pulse mai ka linac coherent.kumu kukuii ka pae TW, kahi kauoha o ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana ma luna o nā hopena i hōʻike ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻokolohua ma ke Kiʻi 1. Ma muli o ke ʻano ESSE, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka photocathode emitter no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kukuna electron me kahi spike kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa, a hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā pulses X-ray attosecond. Aia ka pulse mua ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka spike o ke kukui uila, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema o ke Kiʻi 1. Ke hiki ka XFEL i ka saturation, ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ke kukuna electron e pili ana i ka X-ray e kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe magnetic. a laila pili ka pulse me ka uila electron (ʻāpana hou) ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia e ka modulation ESSE a i ʻole ka laser FEL. ʻO ka hope, hoʻohana ʻia kahi undulator magnetic lua no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hihi X ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā pulse attosecond me ka ʻāpana hou.

FIG. 1 Kiʻikuhi mea hoʻokolohua; Hōʻike ke kiʻi i ka manawa lōʻihi (ka kiʻi manawa-ikena o ka electron, ʻōmaʻomaʻo), ka ʻaoʻao o kēia manawa (uliuli), a me ka radiation i hana ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka papa mua (ʻulaʻula). XTCAV, X-band transverse cavity; cVMI, ʻōnaehana kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi coaxial wikiwiki; FZP, Fresnel band plate spectrometer

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pulse attosecond a pau mai ka walaʻau, no laila he ʻokoʻa nā ʻano spectral a me ka manawa-domain o kēlā me kēia pulse, kahi i ʻimi ʻia e nā mea noiʻi. Ma ke ano o ka spectra, ua hoohana lakou i ka Fresnel band plate spectrometer no ke ana ana i ka spectra o na pulses ma na like like ole undulator longs, a ua ike keia mau mea kikoo i ka malama ana i na nalu lauwili ma hope o ka lua o ka amplification, e hoike ana i na pulses mau unimodal. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka manawa, ana ʻia ka ʻaoʻao angular a ʻike ʻia ka ʻano nalu o ka manawa o ka pulse. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1, ua uhi ʻia ka puʻupuʻu X-ray me ka pulse laser infrared circularly polarized. ʻO nā photoelectrons i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka pulse X-ray e hoʻopuka i nā kaha i ke ala e kū pono ana i ka mana vector o ka laser infrared. Ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kahua uila o ka laser me ka manawa, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hāʻawi manawaleʻa o ka photoelectron e ka manawa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka electron, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ke ʻano angular o ka manawa hoʻokuʻu a me ka hāʻawi manawaleʻa o ka photoelectron. Hoʻohana ʻia ka puʻunaue ʻana o ka momentum photoelectron me ka coaxial fast mapping imaging spectrometer. Ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana a me nā hopena spectral, hiki ke kūkulu hou ʻia ka nalu manawa-domain o nā pulses attosecond. Hōʻike ka helu 2 (a) i ka puʻunaue o ka lōʻihi o ka pulse, me ka median o 440 as. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mea nānā kinoea e ana i ka ikehu pulse, a ua helu ʻia ka pānaʻi hoʻopuehu ma waena o ka mana pulse peak a me ka lōʻihi o ka pulse e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2 (b). ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho ʻekolu e pili ana i nā kūlana hoʻokele electron beam like ʻole, nā kūlana waver coning a me nā kūlana hoʻopaneʻe compressor magnetic. ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho ʻekolu i hāʻawi mai i ka ikaika pulse awelika o 150, 200, a me 260 µJ, me ka mana kiʻekiʻe loa o 1.1 TW.

Kiʻi 2. (a) Histogram mahele o ka hapalua kiʻekiʻe Ka lōʻihi o ka pulse ākea ākea (FWHM); (b) Hoʻopuehu ʻia e pili ana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi o ka pulse

Eia hou, ua ʻike ʻia ka haʻawina no ka manawa mua i ke ʻano o ka superemission e like me soliton i loko o ka pahu X-ray, e ʻike ʻia me ka pōkole puʻupuʻu mau i ka wā hoʻonui. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e ka pilina ikaika ma waena o nā electron a me ka radiation, me ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana mai ka electron i ke poʻo o ka pulse X-ray a hoʻi i ka electron mai ka huelo o ka pulse. Ma o ka noiʻi hohonu ʻana i kēia ʻano, manaʻo ʻia e hiki ke ʻike hou ʻia nā pulu X-ray me ka lōʻihi pōkole a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻonui superradiation a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pōkole pulse ma ke ʻano soliton-like.