Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumumanaʻo o nā optics i hoʻohui ʻia e Kauka Miller o Bell Laboratories i ka makahiki 1969. ʻO nā optics i hoʻohui ʻia kahi kumuhana hou e aʻo a hoʻomohala i nā mea optical a me nā ʻōnaehana mea uila optical hybrid e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano hana i hoʻohui ʻia ma ke kumu o ka optoelectronics a me ka microelectronics. ʻO ke kumu kumumanaʻo o nā optics i hoʻohui ʻia ʻo ia nā optics a me nā optoelectronics, e pili ana i nā optics nalu a me nā optics ʻike, nā optics nonlinear, nā optoelectronics semiconductor, nā optics kristal, nā optics kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi, nā optics nalu alakaʻi, ke ʻano hui pū ʻia a me ke kumumanaʻo pilina parametric, nā mea hana a me nā ʻōnaehana waveguide optical kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi. ʻO ke kumu ʻenehana ʻo ia ka ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi a me ka ʻenehana microelectronics. He ākea loa ke kahua noi o nā optics i hoʻohui ʻia, me ka kamaʻilio fiber optical, ka ʻenehana ʻike fiber optical, ka hana ʻike optical, ka kamepiula optical a me ka mālama optical, aia kekahi mau kahua ʻē aʻe, e like me ka noiʻi ʻepekema mea, nā mea hana optical, ka noiʻi spectral.
ʻO ka mea mua, nā pono optical i hoʻohui ʻia
1. Hoʻohālikelike me nā ʻōnaehana hāmeʻa optical discrete
ʻO ka hāmeʻa optical discrete kahi ʻano hāmeʻa optical i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o kahi kahua nui a i ʻole ke kumu optical e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana optical. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana ma ke kauoha o 1m2, a ʻo ka mānoanoa o ke kukuna ma kahi o 1cm. Ma waho aʻe o kona nui nui, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana. Loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana optical i hoʻohui ʻia nā pono penei:
1. Hoʻolaha nā nalu māmā i loko o nā alakaʻi nalu optical, a he maʻalahi nā nalu māmā e kaohi a mālama i ko lākou ikehu.
2. Lawe mai ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kūlana paʻa. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, manaʻo ka optics i hoʻohui ʻia e hana i kekahi mau mea hana ma ka substrate like, no laila ʻaʻohe pilikia hōʻuluʻulu e loaʻa i nā optics discrete, i hiki ai ke paʻa ka hui ʻana, i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni e like me ka haʻalulu a me ka mahana.
(3) Ua pōkole ʻia ka nui o ka hāmeʻa a me ka lōʻihi o ka launa pū ʻana; Hana pū nā mea uila e pili ana i nā voltages haʻahaʻa.
4. Ka nui o ka mana. ʻO ka mālamalama i hoʻouna ʻia ma ke alakaʻi nalu ua kaupalena ʻia i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi, e hopena ana i kahi nui o ka mana optical kiʻekiʻe, kahi e maʻalahi ai ke hiki i nā paepae hana pono o ka hāmeʻa a hana me nā hopena optical nonlinear.
5. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā optics i hoʻohui ʻia ma luna o kahi substrate kenimika-unahi, he liʻiliʻi ka nui a he māmā ke kaumaha.
2. Hoʻohālikelike me nā kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pono o ka hoʻohui optical i ʻelua mau ʻano, ʻo kekahi e hoʻololi i ka ʻōnaehana uila i hoʻohui ʻia (integrated circuit) me ka ʻōnaehana optical i hoʻohui ʻia (integrated optical circuit); ʻO kekahi e pili ana i ka optical fiber a me ka dielectric plane optical waveguide e alakaʻi i ka nalu māmā ma kahi o ke kaula a i ʻole ke kaula coaxial e hoʻouna i ka hōʻailona.
Ma ke ala optical i hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea optical ma luna o kahi substrate wafer a ua hoʻopili ʻia e nā waveguides optical i hoʻokumu ʻia i loko a i ʻole ma luna o ka substrate. ʻO ke ala optical i hoʻohui ʻia, kahi e hoʻohui ai i nā mea optical ma ka substrate like ma ke ʻano o ka ʻili lahilahi, he ala koʻikoʻi ia e hoʻoponopono ai i ka miniaturization o ka ʻōnaehana optical mua a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i ka hāmeʻa i hoʻohui ʻia nā pono o ka liʻiliʻi, ka hana paʻa a hilinaʻi hoʻi, ka pono kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻohana maʻalahi.
Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo nā pono o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kaapuni hoʻohui me nā kaapuni optical i hoʻohui ʻia e komo pū ana me ka bandwidth i hoʻonui ʻia, ka wavelength division multiplexing, ka hoʻololi multiplex, ka nalowale liʻiliʻi o ka coupling, ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui, ke kaumaha māmā, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa, ka hoʻokele waiwai hoʻomākaukau batch maikaʻi, a me ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o nā pilina like ʻole ma waena o ka mālamalama a me ke kino, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā hana hāmeʻa hou ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hopena kino like ʻole e like me ka hopena photoelectric, ka hopena electro-optical, ka hopena acousto-optical, ka hopena magneto-optical, ka hopena thermo-optical a pēlā aku i loko o ka haku mele ʻana o ke ala optical i hoʻohui ʻia.
2. Noiʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā optics i hoʻohui ʻia
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā optics i hoʻohui ʻia ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka ʻoihana, ka pūʻali koa a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, akā hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma nā ʻano penei:
1. Nā pūnaewele kamaʻilio a me nā pūnaewele optical
ʻO nā hāmeʻa hoʻohui optical nā lako koʻikoʻi e hoʻokō ai i nā pūnaewele kamaʻilio optical wikiwiki a me ka nui o ka mana, me ka puna laser hoʻohui wikiwiki, ka waveguide grating array dense wavelength division multiplexer, ka narrowband response integrated photodetector, ka routing wavelength converter, ka fast response optical switching matrix, ka low loss multiple access waveguide beam splitter a pēlā aku.
2. Kamepiula photonic
ʻO ke kamepiula photon i kapa ʻia he kamepiula e hoʻohana ana i ka mālamalama ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoili ʻike. ʻO nā photons he bosons, ʻaʻohe ona uku uila, a hiki i nā kukuna mālamalama ke hele like a keʻa paha me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili ʻana kekahi i kekahi, nona ka hiki ke hana like nui. Loaʻa i ke kamepiula photonic nā pono o ka nui o ka mālama ʻike, ka hiki ke pale i ke komo ʻana, nā koi haʻahaʻa no nā kūlana kaiapuni, a me ka hoʻomanawanui hewa ikaika. ʻO nā ʻāpana hana maʻamau o nā kamepiula photonic he mau kuapo optical i hoʻohui ʻia a me nā ʻāpana logic optical i hoʻohui ʻia.
3. Nā noi ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mea hana ʻike optical, sensor fiber optic, sensor grating fiber, gyroscope fiber optic, etc.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-28-2023