He aha ka optical optics?

Ua hoʻopuka ʻia ka manaʻo o nā optics integrated e Dr. Miller o Bell Laboratories i ka makahiki 1969. ʻO ka Integrated optics kahi kumuhana hou e aʻo a hoʻomohala i nā mea optical a me nā ʻōnaehana uila uila hybrid me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano i hoʻohui ʻia ma ke kumu o ka optoelectronics a me ka microelectronics. ʻO ke kumu manaʻo o nā optics hoʻohui ʻia he optics a me optoelectronics, e pili ana i ka nalu optics a me ka ʻike optics, nonlinear optics, semiconductor optoelectronics, crystal optics, thin film optics, guided wave optics, coupled mode and parametric interaction theory, thin film optical waveguide device a me nā ʻōnaehana. ʻO ke kumu ʻenehana ka ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi a me ka ʻenehana microelectronics. He ākea loa ka papa noi o nā optics hoʻohui ʻia, ma waho aʻe o ka kamaʻilio fiber optical, ka ʻenehana ʻike fiber optical, ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻike optical, ka lolouila optical a me ka mālama ʻana i ka optical, aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ka noiʻi ʻepekema material, nā mea hana optical, spectral research.

ʻO ka mea mua, nā pono optical integrated

1. Hoʻohālikelike me nā ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana optical discrete

ʻO ka mea ʻike maka ʻokoʻa kahi ʻano o ka mea ʻike maka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o kahi paepae nui a i ʻole ke kumu ʻike maka e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana optical. Aia ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana ma ke kauoha o 1m2, a ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka lāʻau ma kahi o 1cm. Ma waho aʻe o kona nui nui, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hui ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono. Loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana optical integrated nā mea maikaʻi aʻe:

1. Hoʻolaha nā nalu māmā i nā alakaʻi nalu opi, a maʻalahi nā nalu māmā e hoʻomalu a mālama i ko lākou ikehu.

2. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana e lawe mai i kahi kūlana paʻa. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ua manaʻo nā optics integrated e hana i kekahi mau mea ma ka substrate hoʻokahi, no laila ʻaʻohe pilikia hui i loaʻa i nā optics discrete, i hiki ke paʻa ka hui ʻana, no laila hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā mea kūlohelohe e like me ka vibration a me ka mahana. .

(3) Ua pōkole ka nui o ka mea hana a me ka lōʻihi o ka launa pū ʻana; Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā mea uila e pili ana i nā voltage haʻahaʻa.

4. Ka mana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kukui i hoʻouna ʻia ma ke alakaʻi hawewe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e hopena i ka mana o ka optical kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke maʻalahi i nā paepae hana pono a hana pū me nā hopena optical nonlinear.

5. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā optics i hoʻohui ʻia ma kahi substrate kenimika-nui, he liʻiliʻi ka nui a me ke kaumaha.

2. Hoʻohālikelike me nā kaapuni hoʻohui

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea maikaʻi o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻelua mau ʻano, ʻo ka mea e hoʻololi i ka ʻōnaehana uila i hoʻohui ʻia (integrated circuit) me ka integrated optical system (integrated optical circuit); ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka fiber optical a me ka dielectric plane optical waveguide e alakaʻi i ka nalu māmā ma mua o ka uea a i ʻole coaxial cable e hoʻouna i ka hōʻailona.

I loko o kahi ala optical i hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea optical ma kahi substrate wafer a hoʻopili ʻia e nā alakaʻi nalu optical i hana ʻia i loko a i ʻole ma ka ʻili o ka substrate. ʻO ke ala optical i hoʻohuiʻia, ka mea e hoʻohui i nā mea optical ma ka substrate hoʻokahi i keʻano o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi, he ala nui ia e hoʻoponopono ai i ka miniaturization o ka'ōnaehana optical mua a hoʻonui i ka hana holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia nā mea maikaʻi o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ka hana kūpaʻa a me ka hilinaʻi, ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻohana maʻalahi.

Ma keʻano laulā,ʻo nā mea maikaʻi o ka hoʻololiʻana i nā kaapuni i hoʻohuiʻia me nā'ōpuni optical integrated e pili ana i ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o ka bandwidth, ka nui o ka hawewe mahele multiplexing, ka hoʻololiʻana i ka multiplex, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ke kaumaha māmā, ka hoʻohana mana haʻahaʻa, ka hoʻokele waiwai hoʻomākaukau maikaʻi, a me ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o nā pilina like ʻole ma waena o ka māmā a me ka mea, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā hana hou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hopena kino like ʻole e like me ka photoelectric effect, electro-optical effect, acousto-optical effect, magneto-optical effect, thermo-optical effect a pēlā aku. ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke ala optical i hoʻohui ʻia.

2. Ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā optics i hoʻohui ʻia

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā optics i hoʻohui ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka ʻoihana, ka pūʻali koa a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, akā hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻano aʻe:

1. Hoʻolaha a me nā pūnaewele ʻike

ʻO nā mea hoʻohui Optical ka lako kī nui e ʻike ai i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o nā ʻupena kamaʻilio optical, me ka pane kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohui ʻia i ka punawai laser, waveguide grating array dense wavelength division multiplexer, narrowband pane integrated photodetector, routing wavelength converter, fast pane optical switching matrix, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻihaʻi kaola alakaʻi nalu a pēlā aku.

2. kamepiula paʻi kiʻi

ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka lolouila photon he kamepiula e hoʻohana ana i ka māmā ma ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻike. ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi he boson, ʻaʻohe ona uila, a hiki i nā kukuna māmā ke hele like a keʻa paha me ka ʻole o ka pili ʻana i kekahi i kekahi, nona ka mana maoli o ka hana like ʻana. Loaʻa i ka lolouila Photonic nā mea maikaʻi o ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike, ka ikaika anti-interference, nā koi haʻahaʻa no nā kūlana kaiapuni, a me ka hoʻomanawanui hewa. ʻO nā mea hana maʻamau o nā kamepiula photonic i hoʻohui ʻia i nā hoʻololi optical a me nā ʻāpana logic i hoʻohui ʻia.

3. ʻO nā noi ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mea hana ʻike optical, fiber optic sensor, fiber grating sensor, fiber optic gyroscope, etc.