ʻO Nanolaser kahi ʻano mea hana micro a me nano i hana ʻia me nā nanomaterials e like me ka nanowire ma ke ʻano he resonator a hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka laser ma lalo o ka photoexcitation a i ʻole ka hoʻonāukiuki uila. ʻO ka nui o kēia laser he mau haneli microns wale nō a i ʻole he ʻumi microns, a ʻo ke anawaena a hiki i ke kauoha nanometer, he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ia o ka hōʻikeʻike ʻili lahilahi e hiki mai ana, nā optics i hoʻohui ʻia a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe.
Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka nanolaser:
1. Laser nanowire
I ka makahiki 2001, ua hana nā kānaka noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Berkeley, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i ka laser liʻiliʻi loa o ka honua - nā nanolasers - ma ka uea nanooptic hoʻokahi wale nō tausani o ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho kanaka. ʻAʻole wale kēia laser e hoʻopuka i nā lasers ultraviolet, akā hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hoʻopuka i nā lasers mai ka uliuli a i ka ultraviolet hohonu. Ua hoʻohana nā kānaka noiʻi i kahi ʻano hana maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo oriented epiphytation e hana i ka laser mai nā kristal zinc oxide maʻemaʻe. Ua "hoʻoulu" mua lākou i nā nanowires, ʻo ia hoʻi, i hana ʻia ma luna o kahi papa gula me ke anawaena o 20nm a 150nm a me ka lōʻihi o 10,000 nm nā uea zinc oxide maʻemaʻe. A laila, i ka wā i hoʻāla ai nā kānaka noiʻi i nā kristal zinc oxide maʻemaʻe i loko o nā nanowires me kekahi laser ma lalo o ka hale kōmahana, ua hoʻopuka nā kristal zinc oxide maʻemaʻe i kahi laser me ka nalu o 17nm wale nō. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēlā mau nanolasers e ʻike i nā kemika a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke mālama ʻike o nā disks kamepiula a me nā kamepiula photonic.
2. Nanolaser Ultraviolet
Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā micro-laser, nā micro-disk lasers, nā micro-ring lasers, a me nā quantum avalanche lasers, ua hana ke kemika ʻo Yang Peidong a me kāna mau hoa hana ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Berkeley, i nā nanolasers mahana lumi. Hiki i kēia nanolaser zinc oxide ke hoʻopuka i kahi laser me ka linewidth ma lalo o 0.3nm a me ka wavelength o 385nm ma lalo o ka hoʻonāukiuki māmā, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka laser liʻiliʻi loa ma ka honua a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hana mua i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nanotechnology. I ke kahua mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua wānana nā mea noiʻi he maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i kēia ZnO nanolaser, kiʻekiʻe ka mālamalama, liʻiliʻi ka nui, a ua like ka hana a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o nā lasers polū GaN. Ma muli o ka hiki ke hana i nā arrays nanowire kiʻekiʻe, hiki i nā nanolasers ZnO ke komo i nā noi he nui i hiki ʻole ke hana me nā mea hana GaAs o kēia lā. I mea e ulu ai kēlā mau lasers, ua synthesized ʻia ʻo ZnO nanowire e ke ʻano lawe kinoea e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka kristal epitaxial. ʻO ka mea mua, ua uhi ʻia ka substrate sapphire me kahi papa o ka ʻili gula mānoanoa 1 nm ~ 3.5nm, a laila kau iā ia ma luna o kahi waʻa alumina, ua hoʻomehana ʻia ka mea a me ka substrate i 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C i ke kahe ammonia e hana i ka mahu Zn, a laila lawe ʻia ka mahu Zn i ka substrate. Ua hana ʻia nā nanowires o 2μm ~ 10μm me ka ʻāpana cross-sectional hexagonal i ke kaʻina ulu o 2min ~ 10min. Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ua hoʻokumu ʻo ZnO nanowire i kahi lua laser kūlohelohe me ke anawaena o 20nm a 150nm, a ʻo ka hapa nui (95%) o kona anawaena he 70nm a 100nm. No ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā nanowires, ua hoʻopili optical nā mea noiʻi i ka laʻana i loko o kahi hale kōmahana me ka hopena harmonic ʻehā o kahi laser Nd:YAG (266nm wavelength, 3ns pulse width). I ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka spectrum hoʻokuʻu, ua lamed ka mālamalama me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mana pamu. Ke ʻoi aku ka lasing ma mua o ka paepae o ka ZnO nanowire (ma kahi o 40kW/cm), e ʻike ʻia ke kiko kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka spectrum hoʻokuʻu. ʻO ka laulā laina o kēia mau kiko kiʻekiʻe loa he emi ma mua o 0.3nm, ʻoi aku ma mua o 1/50 ka emi ma mua o ka laulā laina mai ka vertex hoʻokuʻu ma lalo o ka paepae. ʻO kēia mau laina haiki a me ka hoʻonui wikiwiki ʻana i ka ikaika o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i alakaʻi i nā mea noiʻi e hoʻoholo he hana maoli ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i hoʻoulu ʻia i loko o kēia mau nanowires. No laila, hiki i kēia ʻano nanowire ke hana ma ke ʻano he resonator kūlohelohe a no laila e lilo i kumu laser micro kūpono. Manaʻo nā mea noiʻi hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia nanolaser nalu pōkole ma nā kahua o ka helu optical, ka mālama ʻike a me ka nanoanalyzer.
3. Nā lasers luawai Quantum
Ma mua a ma hope o 2010, ʻo ka laulā o ka laina i kālai ʻia ma ka ʻāpana semiconductor e hiki i 100nm a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi, a he kakaikahi wale nō nā electrons e neʻe ana i loko o ke kaapuni, a ʻo ka hoʻonui a me ka emi ʻana o kahi electron e loaʻa ka hopena nui i ka hana o ke kaapuni. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia, ua hānau ʻia nā lasers lua quantum. I loko o ka mechanics quantum, kahi kahua hiki ke kāohi i ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons a quantizes iā lākou ua kapa ʻia he lua quantum. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia palena quantum e hana i nā pae ikehu quantum i loko o ka papa hana o ka laser semiconductor, i mea e hoʻomalu ai ka hoʻololi uila ma waena o nā pae ikehu i ka radiation hoʻonāukiuki o ka laser, ʻo ia ka laser lua quantum. ʻElua ʻano o nā lasers lua quantum: nā lasers laina quantum a me nā lasers kiko quantum.
① Ka laser laina Quantum
Ua hoʻomohala nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā lasers uea quantum i ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā lasers kuʻuna, e hana ana i kahi ʻanuʻu nui i ka hana ʻana i nā kamepiula wikiwiki a me nā mea kamaʻilio. ʻO ka laser, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o ke kani, wikiō, Pūnaewele a me nā ʻano kamaʻilio ʻē aʻe ma luna o nā pūnaewele fiber-optic, ua hoʻomohala ʻia e nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui ʻo Yale, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS ma New Jersey a me ka Max Planck Institute for Physics ma Dresden, Kelemānia. E hōʻemi kēia mau lasers mana kiʻekiʻe i ka pono no nā Repeaters pipiʻi, i hoʻokomo ʻia i kēlā me kēia 80km (50 mile) ma ke laina kamaʻilio, e hana hou ana i nā pulse laser i emi iki ka ikaika i ko lākou hele ʻana ma o ka fiber (Repeaters).
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-15-2023