ʻO Nanolaser kahi ʻano mea micro a nano i hana ʻia me nā nanomaterials e like me nanowire ma ke ʻano he resonator a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka laser ma lalo o ka photoexcitation a i ʻole ka uila uila.ʻO ka nui o kēia laser he mau haneli wale nō nā microns a i ʻole ʻumi mau microns, a ʻo ke anawaena a hiki i ke kauoha nanometer, kahi mea nui o ka hōʻike kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi e hiki mai ana, integrated optics a me nā māla ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻokaʻawale o ka nanolaser:
1. Nanowire laser
I ka makahiki 2001, ua hana nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Berkeley, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i ka laser liʻiliʻi loa o ka honua - nā nanolasers - ma ka uea nanooptic he hoʻokahi wale nō kaukani o ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho kanaka.ʻAʻole hoʻokuʻu wale kēia laser i nā laser ultraviolet, akā hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻokuʻu i nā laser mai ka uliuli a i ka ultraviolet hohonu.Ua hoʻohana nā mea noiʻi i kahi ʻenehana maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo oriented epiphytation e hana i ka laser mai nā kristal zinc oxide maʻemaʻe.Ua hana mua lākou i nā nanowires, ʻo ia hoʻi, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi papa gula me ke anawaena o 20nm a 150nm a me ka lōʻihi o 10,000 nm mau kaula zinc oxide maʻemaʻe.A laila, i ka wā i hana ai nā mea noiʻi i nā kristal zinc oxide maʻemaʻe i loko o nā nanowires me kahi laser ʻē aʻe ma lalo o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā kristal zinc oxide maʻemaʻe i kahi laser me ka nalu o 17nm wale nō.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ia mau nanolasers e ʻike i nā kemika a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke mālama ʻike o nā disks kamepiula a me nā kamepiula photonic.
2. Nanolaser Ultraviolet
Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā micro-lasers, micro-disk lasers, micro-ring lasers, a me quantum avalanche lasers, chemist Yang Peidong a me kāna mau hoa hana ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Berkeley, i hana i nā nanolasers wela lumi.Hiki i kēia zinc oxide nanolaser ke hoʻokuʻu i ka laser me ka laina laina o lalo o 0.3nm a me ka nalu o 385nm ma lalo o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka māmā, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka laser liʻiliʻi loa ma ka honua a ʻo kekahi o nā mea hana mua i hana ʻia me ka nanotechnology.I ka wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua wānana ka poʻe noiʻi he maʻalahi kēia ZnO nanolaser e hana, kiʻekiʻe o ka mālamalama, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma mua o nā laser polū GaN.Ma muli o ka hiki ke hana i nā ʻano nanowire kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hiki i nā nanolasers ZnO ke hoʻokomo i nā noi he nui ʻaʻole hiki ke hana me nā polokalamu GaAs o kēia lā.I mea e ulu ai ia mau lasers, ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo ZnO nanowire e ke ala lawe kinoea e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu kristal epitaxial.ʻO ka mea mua, ua uhi ʻia ka substrate sapphire me kahi papa o 1 nm ~ 3.5nm kiʻi gula mānoanoa, a laila kau ʻia ma luna o kahi moku alumina, ua wela ka mea a me ka substrate i 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C i ka kahe amonia e hana ai. ʻO ka mahu Zn, a laila lawe ʻia ka mokuahi Zn i ka substrate.Nanowires o 2μm ~ 10μm me hexagonal cross-sectional wahi i hanaia ma ka ulu kaʻina hana o 2min ~ 10min.Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ua hana ʻo ZnO nanowire i kahi lua laser kūlohelohe me ke anawaena o 20nm a 150nm, a ʻo ka hapa nui (95%) o kona anawaena he 70nm a 100nm.No ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā nanowires, ua hoʻomāmā nā mea noiʻi i ka hāpana i loko o ka hale kōmaena me ka hā o ka harmonic output o kahi laser Nd:YAG (266nm wavelength, 3ns pulse width).I ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka spectrum emission, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kukui me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mana pahū.Ke ʻoi aku ka lasing ma mua o ka paepae o ZnO nanowire (ma kahi o 40kW/cm), e ʻike ʻia ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa i ka spectrum emission.ʻO ka laulā laina o kēia mau helu kiʻekiʻe loa he emi iho ia ma mua o 0.3nm, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 1/50 ma mua o ka laulā laina mai ka piko emission ma lalo o ka paepae.ʻO kēia mau laina laina haiki a me ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i alakaʻi i ka poʻe noiʻi e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o kēia mau nanowires.No laila, hiki i kēia ʻano nanowire ke hana ma ke ʻano he resonator kūlohelohe a no laila e lilo i kumu laser micro maikaʻi loa.Manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia nanolaser pōkole pōkole ma nā ʻano o ka computing optical, mālama ʻike a me ka nanoanalyzer.
3. ʻO nā laser punawai quantum
Ma mua a ma hope o 2010, ʻo ka laulā laina i kahakaha ʻia ma ka chip semiconductor e hiki i 100nm a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi, a he liʻiliʻi wale nā electrons e neʻe ana i ke kaapuni, a ʻo ka hoʻonui a me ka emi ʻana o kahi electron e loaʻa ka hopena nui i ka hana o ka. kaapuni.No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia, ua hānau ʻia nā laser well quantum.I loko o ka mechanics quantum, ua kapa ʻia kahi kahua kūpono e kāohi ai i ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons a hoʻohālikelike iā lākou he luawai quantum.Hoʻohana ʻia kēia kaohi quantum e hana i nā pae ikehu quantum i ka papa hana o ka laser semiconductor, no laila ka hoʻololi uila ma waena o nā pae ikehu e hoʻomalu i ka radiation hauʻoli o ka laser, ʻo ia ka laser luawai quantum.ʻElua ʻano o ka quantum well lasers: quantum line lasers a quantum dot lasers.
① Laser laina kuantum
Ua hoʻomohala ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā laser uea quantum he 1,000 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā laser maʻamau, e hana nui ana i ka hana ʻana i nā kamepiula wikiwiki a me nā mea kamaʻilio.ʻO ka laser, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o ka leo, wikiō, Internet a me nā ʻano ʻano kamaʻilio ʻē aʻe ma luna o nā pūnaewele fiber-optic, ua hoʻomohala ʻia e nā ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui ʻo Yale, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS ma New Jersey a me ka Max Planck Institute for Physics ma Dresden, Kelemānia.ʻO kēia mau laser mana kiʻekiʻe e hōʻemi i ka pono o nā Repeater pipiʻi, i hoʻokomo ʻia i kēlā me kēia 80km (50 mau mile) ma ka laina kamaʻilio, e hana hou ana i nā pulse laser ʻoi aku ka ikaika i ko lākou hele ʻana ma o ka fiber (Repeaters).
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-15-2023