Introduction, photon counting type linear avalanche photodetector

Introduction, photon counting typemea ʻike kiʻi avalanche laina

Hiki i ka ʻenehana helu Photon ke hoʻonui piha i ka hōʻailona photon e lanakila ai i ka leo heluhelu o nā mea uila, a hoʻopaʻa i ka helu o nā kiʻi kiʻi e ka mea ʻike i kekahi manawa ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona kūlohelohe maoli o ka hōʻailona uila ma lalo o ka nāwaliwali māmā. , a e helu i ka ʻike o ka mea i ana ʻia e like me ka waiwai o ka mika photon. I mea e ʻike ai i ka ʻike māmā nāwaliwali loa, ua aʻo ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole me ka hiki ke ʻike photon ma nā ʻāina like ʻole. ʻO kahi kiʻi kiʻi paʻi ʻawaʻawa paʻa (ʻIke kiʻi APD) he mea ia e hoʻohana ana i ka hopena photoelectric kūloko e ʻike i nā hōʻailona kukui. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻenekini, ʻike ʻia nā pōmaikaʻi o nā mea paʻa i ka wikiwiki o ka pane, ka helu ʻeleʻele, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, ka leo a me ka sensitivity field magnetic, a pēlā aku.

Mea ʻike kiʻi APDLoaʻa iā Geiger mode (GM) a me linear mode (LM) ʻelua mau ʻano hana, ʻo ka APD photon counting imaging imaging e hoʻohana nui i ka Geiger mode APD device. Loaʻa i nā mea APD mode Geiger ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka photon hoʻokahi a me ka wikiwiki pane kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻumi nanosekona e loaʻa ai ka pololei o ka manawa kiʻekiʻe. Eia naʻe, loaʻa i ka Geiger mode APD kekahi mau pilikia e like me ka detector dead time, low detection efficiency, large optical crossword and haʻahaʻa spatial resolution, no laila he paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo i ka kū'ē'ē ma waena o ka helu kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā helu helu Photon e pili ana i nā hāmeʻa HgCdTe APD kokoke-noiseless kiʻekiʻe loa e hana ma ke ʻano laina, ʻaʻohe manawa make a me nā palena crosstalk, ʻaʻohe post-pulse e pili ana me Geiger mode, ʻaʻole koi i nā kaapuni kinai, loaʻa ka laulā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ākea. a me ka laula pane spectral hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia no ka ʻike pono a me ka helu helu hoʻopunipuni. Wehe ia i kahi kahua noi hou o ka helu kiʻi kiʻi infrared, he kuhikuhi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi o nā mea helu photon, a loaʻa nā manaʻo noiʻi ākea i ka nānā ʻana i ka astronomical, kamaʻilio ākea manuahi, ke kiʻi ikaika a me ka passive, ka ʻimi ʻana a pēlā aku.

Ke kumu o ka helu kiʻi kiʻi ma nā polokalamu HgCdTe APD

Hiki i nā mea ʻike kiʻi kiʻi APD e pili ana i nā mea HgCdTe ke uhi i kahi ākea o nā lōʻihi nalu, a ʻokoʻa loa nā coefficient ionization o nā electrons a me nā lua (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 1 (a)). Hōʻike lākou i kahi mīkini hoʻonui lawe hoʻokahi i loko o ka lōʻihi o ka nalu ʻoki ʻia o 1.3 ~ 11 µm. Aneane ʻaʻohe walaʻau nui (e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kumu leo ​​nui FSi~2-3 o nā mea Si APD a me FIII-V~4-5 o nā ʻohana ʻohana III-V (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 1 (b)), no laila ka hōʻailona- ʻAʻole e emi iho ka ratio o ka leo o nā mea me ka piʻi ʻana o ka loaʻa, ʻo ia ka infrared kūponoʻike kiʻi avalanche.

FIG. 1 (a) Ka pilina ma waena o ka lakene o ka ionization coefficient ratio o ka mercury cadmium telluride material a me ka mea x o Cd; (b) Ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kumu leo ​​nui F o nā mea APD me nā ʻōnaehana mea like ʻole

ʻO ka ʻenehana helu Photon he ʻenehana hou e hiki ke unuhi i nā hōʻailona optical mai ka walaʻau wela ma o ka hoʻonā ʻana i nā pulse photoelectron i hana ʻia e kahimea nānā kiʻima hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o hoʻokahi photon. No ka mea ʻoi aku ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka hōʻailona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma ka domain manawa, ʻo ka hoʻopuka hōʻailona uila e ka mea ʻike he kūlohelohe a ʻokoʻa hoʻi. E like me kēia ʻano o ke kukui nāwaliwali, hoʻonui ʻia ka pulse, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka pulse a me nā ʻano helu helu kikohoʻe e hoʻohana mau ʻia e ʻike i ke kukui nāwaliwali loa. He nui nā pōmaikaʻi o ka ʻenehana helu photon hou, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe signal-to-noise ratio, kiʻekiʻe discrimination, kiʻekiʻe ana ana pololei, maikaʻi anti-drift, maikaʻi manawa paʻa, a hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka ʻikepili i ke kamepiula ma ke ʻano o ka hōʻailona kikohoʻe no ka nānā ʻana ma hope. a me ka hana ʻana, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano ʻike ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana helu photon ma ke kahua o ke ana ʻoihana a me ka ʻike haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e like me ka nonlinear optics, molecular biology, ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, astronomical photometry, atmospheric pollution ana, etc., i pili. i ka loaʻa ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona māmā nāwaliwali. ʻO ka mercury cadmium telluride avalanche photodetector ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe leo nui, e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ka loaʻa, ʻaʻole palaho ka lākiō hōʻailona-a-noise, a ʻaʻohe manawa make a me ka post-pulse restriction e pili ana i nā hāmeʻa Geiger avalanche, i kūpono loa no noi i ka helu photon, a he kuhikuhi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi o nā mea helu photon i ka wā e hiki mai ana.