Hoʻolauna, photon helu ʻano linear avalanche photodetector

Hoʻolauna, ʻano helu photonmea ʻike kiʻi avalanche linear

Hiki i ka ʻenehana helu photon ke hoʻonui piha i ka hōʻailona photon e lanakila ai i ka walaʻau heluhelu o nā mea uila, a hoʻopaʻa i ka helu o nā photons i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka mea ʻike i loko o kekahi manawa ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano kūlohelohe o ka hōʻailona uila i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka mea ʻike ma lalo o ka hoʻomālamalama nāwaliwali, a helu i ka ʻike o ka pahuhopu i ana ʻia e like me ka waiwai o ka mika photon. I mea e ʻike ai i ka ʻike mālamalama nāwaliwali loa, ua aʻo ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole me ka hiki ke ʻike photon ma nā ʻāina like ʻole. He photodiode avalanche paʻa (Mea ʻike kiʻi APD) he mea hana e hoʻohana ana i ka hopena photoelectric kūloko e ʻike i nā hōʻailona mālamalama. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hana vacuum, loaʻa i nā mea hana solid-state nā pono maopopo i ka wikiwiki o ka pane ʻana, ka helu ʻeleʻele, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, ka nui a me ka ʻike o ke kahua magnetic, a pēlā aku. Ua hana nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka ʻenehana kiʻi helu photon APD solid-state.

Mea hana ʻike kiʻi APDLoaʻa i ke ʻano Geiger (GM) a me ke ʻano linear (LM) ʻelua mau ʻano hana, ʻo ka ʻenehana kiʻi helu photon APD o kēia manawa e hoʻohana nui ana i ka hāmeʻa Geiger mode APD. Loaʻa i nā hāmeʻa Geiger mode APD ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe ma ka pae o ka photon hoʻokahi a me ka wikiwiki pane kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻumi nanoseconds e loaʻa ai ka pololei o ka manawa kiʻekiʻe. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i ke ʻano Geiger mode APD kekahi mau pilikia e like me ka manawa make o ka mea ʻike, ka pono ʻike haʻahaʻa, ka crossword optical nui a me ka hoʻonā spatial haʻahaʻa, no laila he paʻakikī ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka kūʻē ma waena o ka helu ʻike kiʻekiʻe a me ka helu hoʻāla wahaheʻe haʻahaʻa. Hana nā helu Photon ma muli o nā hāmeʻa HgCdTe APD kiʻekiʻe kokoke-noiseless i ke ʻano linear, ʻaʻohe palena manawa make a me nā crosstalk, ʻaʻohe post-pulse e pili ana me ke ʻano Geiger, ʻaʻole pono nā kaapuni quench, loaʻa ka laulā dynamic ultra-kiʻekiʻe, ākea a me ka laulā pane spectral tunable, a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi kūʻokoʻa no ka pono ʻike a me ka helu helu wahaheʻe. Ua wehe ia i kahi kahua noi hou o ke kiʻi helu photon infrared, he kuhikuhi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi ia o nā mea helu photon, a he mau manaʻolana noi ākea i ka nānā ʻana i nā hōkū, ke kamaʻilio ākea, ke kiʻi hana a me ka passive, ka nānā ʻana i nā fringe a pēlā aku.

Kumumanaʻo o ka helu ʻana o ka photon ma nā polokalamu HgCdTe APD

Hiki i nā mea hana photodetector APD i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā mea HgCdTe ke uhi i kahi ākea o nā nalu, a ʻokoʻa loa nā coefficients ionization o nā electrons a me nā lua (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 1 (a)). Hōʻike lākou i kahi ʻano hoʻonui mea lawe hoʻokahi i loko o ka nalu ʻoki o 1.3 ~ 11 µm. ʻAneʻane ʻaʻohe walaʻau keu (hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mea walaʻau keu FSi ~ 2-3 o nā mea hana Si APD a me FIII-V ~ 4-5 o nā mea hana ʻohana III-V (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 1 (b)), i ʻole e emi ka lakio signal-to-noise o nā mea hana me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka loaʻa, ʻo ia ka infrared kūpono.mea ʻike kiʻi avalanche.

KII. 1 (a) Pilina ma waena o ka lakio coefficient ionization hopena o ka mea mercury cadmium telluride a me ka ʻāpana x o Cd; (b) Hoʻohālikelike o ka mea walaʻau keu F o nā mea hana APD me nā ʻōnaehana mea like ʻole

ʻO ka ʻenehana helu photon kahi ʻenehana hou e hiki ke unuhi kikohoʻe i nā hōʻailona optical mai ka walaʻau thermal ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pulse photoelectron i hana ʻia e kahimea ʻike kiʻima hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o hoʻokahi photon. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka hoʻopuehu ʻia ʻana o ka hōʻailona kukui haʻahaʻa ma ka ʻāpana manawa, ʻo ka hōʻailona uila i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka mea ʻike he kūlohelohe a ʻokoʻa hoʻi. Wahi a kēia ʻano o ka mālamalama nāwaliwali, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka pulse, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka pulse a me nā ʻano helu kikohoʻe e ʻike i ka mālamalama nāwaliwali loa. He nui nā pono o ka ʻenehana helu photon hou, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ratio signal-to-noise, ka hoʻokaʻawale kiʻekiʻe, ka pololei o ke ana ʻana, ka anti-drift maikaʻi, ka paʻa manawa maikaʻi, a hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka ʻikepili i ke kamepiula ma ke ʻano o ka hōʻailona kikohoʻe no ka nānā ʻana a me ka hana ʻana ma hope, kahi mea i kūlike ʻole ʻia e nā ʻano ʻike ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana helu photon ma ke kahua o ke ana ʻoihana a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka mālamalama haʻahaʻa, e like me nā optics nonlinear, molecular biology, ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, astronomical photometry, ana haumia lewa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona kukui nāwaliwali. ʻAneʻane ʻaʻohe walaʻau nui o ka mercury cadmium telluride avalanche photodetector, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka loaʻa, ʻaʻole e pala ka ratio signal-to-noise, a ʻaʻohe manawa make a me ka palena post-pulse e pili ana i nā polokalamu avalanche Geiger, he mea kūpono loa ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka helu photon, a he kuhikuhi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi ia o nā polokalamu helu photon i ka wā e hiki mai ana.