ʻO ka modulator electro-optic wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe Lithium tantalate (LTOI)

ʻO ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe o ka Lithium tantalate (LTOI)mea hoʻololi uila-optic

Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka hele ʻana o ka ʻikepili honua, i hoʻokele ʻia e ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou e like me 5G a me ka naʻauao artificial (AI), kahi e hōʻike ai i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi no nā transceivers ma nā pae āpau o nā pūnaewele optical. ʻO ke kikoʻī, ʻo ka ʻenehana modulator electro-optic hanauna e pono ai ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i nā helu hoʻoili ʻikepili i 200 Gbps ma kahi kahawai hoʻokahi me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā kumukūʻai. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻenehana silicon photonics ma ka mākeke transceiver optical, ma muli o ka hiki ke hana nui ʻia nā silicon photonics me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana CMOS makua. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā modulators electro-optic SOI e hilinaʻi nei i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mea lawe e kū nei i nā pilikia nui i ka bandwidth, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, ka absorption mea lawe manuahi a me ka modulation nonlinearity. ʻO nā ala ʻenehana ʻē aʻe i ka ʻoihana e komo pū me InP, thin film lithium niobate LNOI, electro-optical polymers, a me nā hoʻonā hoʻohui heterogeneous multi-platform ʻē aʻe. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo LNOI ka hopena e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ka hana maikaʻi loa ma ka wikiwiki ultra-kiʻekiʻe a me ka modulation mana haʻahaʻa, akā naʻe, i kēia manawa he mau pilikia kona e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana nui a me ke kumukūʻai. I kēia mau lā aku nei, ua hoʻokuʻu ka hui i kahi kahua photonic i hoʻohui ʻia me ka lithium tantalate lahilahi (LTOI) me nā waiwai photoelectric maikaʻi loa a me ka hana nui ʻana, kahi i manaʻo ʻia e kūlike a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ka hana o nā kahua lithium niobate a me silicon optical ma nā noi he nui. Eia nō naʻe, a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka hāmeʻa kumu okamaʻilio ʻike maka, ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ka modulator electro-optic wikiwiki loa, ma LTOI.

Ma kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻolālā mua nā mea noiʻi i ka LTOI electro-optic modulator, nona ke ʻano i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1. Ma o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia papa o ka lithium tantalate ma ka insulator a me nā palena o ka microwave electrode, ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka microwave a me ka nalu māmā i loko o kamea hoʻololi electro-opticalua ʻike ʻia. Ma ke ʻano o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nalowale o ka electrode microwave, ua hāpai nā mea noiʻi ma kēia hana no ka manawa mua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kālā ma ke ʻano he mea electrode me ka conductivity ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a ua hōʻike ʻia ka electrode kālā e hōʻemi i ka nalowale microwave i 82% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka electrode gula i hoʻohana nui ʻia.

Kiʻi 1 ʻAno hoʻonohonoho modulator electro-optic LTOI, hoʻolālā hoʻohālikelike pae, hoʻāʻo nalowale electrode microwave.

Hōʻike ʻo FIG. 2 i nā mea hana hoʻokolohua a me nā hopena o ka LTOI electro-optic modulator noikaika i hoʻololi ʻiaʻike pololei (IMDD) i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio optical. Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua hiki i ka LTOI electro-optic modulator ke hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona PAM8 ma kahi helu hōʻailona o 176 GBd me kahi BER i ana ʻia o 3.8 × 10⁻² ma lalo o ka paepae 25% SD-FEC. No 200 GBd PAM4 a me 208 GBd PAM2, ua haʻahaʻa loa ʻo BER ma mua o ka paepae o 15% SD-FEC a me 7% HD-FEC. Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻāʻo maka a me ka histogram ma ke Kiʻi 3 e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka LTOI electro-optic modulator i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio wikiwiki me ka linearity kiʻekiʻe a me ka helu hewa bit haʻahaʻa.

Kiʻi 2 Hoʻokolohua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka LTOI electro-optic modulator noHoʻololi ʻia ka ikaikaʻIke Pololei (IMDD) i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio optical (a) mea hoʻokolohua; (b) ʻO ka helu hewa bit i ana ʻia (BER) o nā hōʻailona PAM8 (ʻulaʻula), PAM4 (ʻōmaʻomaʻo) a me PAM2 (polū) ma ke ʻano he hana o ka helu hōʻailona; (c) Ka helu ʻike hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i unuhi ʻia (AIR, laina dashed) a me ka helu ʻikepili net pili (NDR, laina paʻa) no nā ana me nā waiwai helu hewa bit ma lalo o ka palena 25% SD-FEC; (d) Nā palapala ʻāina maka a me nā histograms helu ma lalo o ka modulation PAM2, PAM4, PAM8.

Hōʻike kēia hana i ka modulator electro-optic LTOI wikiwiki mua me ka bandwidth 3 dB o 110 GHz. I nā hoʻokolohua hoʻoili IMDD ʻike pololei i ka modulation ikaika, hoʻokō ka hāmeʻa i kahi helu ʻikepili net lawe hoʻokahi o 405 Gbit/s, kahi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hana maikaʻi loa o nā kahua electro-optical e like me LNOI a me nā modulators plasma. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī.Mea hoʻololi IQnā hoʻolālā a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻenehana hoʻoponopono hewa hōʻailona holomua, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā substrates pohō microwave haʻahaʻa e like me nā substrates quartz, manaʻo ʻia nā mea lithium tantalate e hoʻokō i nā helu kamaʻilio o 2 Tbit/s a ʻoi aku paha. I hui pū ʻia me nā pono kikoʻī o LTOI, e like me ka birefringence haʻahaʻa a me ka hopena unahi ma muli o kāna hoʻohana ākea ma nā mākeke kānana RF ʻē aʻe, e hāʻawi ka ʻenehana photonics lithium tantalate i nā hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, mana haʻahaʻa a me nā wikiwiki ultra-kiʻekiʻe no nā pūnaewele kamaʻilio optical wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana a me nā ʻōnaehana photonics microwave.