Lithium tantalate (LTOI) kiʻekiʻe māmā electro-optic modulator

Lithium tantalate (LTOI) kiʻekiʻe wikiwikielectro-optic modulator

Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻikepili o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, i alakaʻi ʻia e ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā ʻenehana hou e like me 5G a me ka naʻauao artificial (AI), kahi mea e hoʻokūkū nui ai i nā transceivers ma nā pae āpau o nā pūnaewele optical. ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, pono ka ʻenehana modulator electro-optic e hiki mai ana i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i nā helu hoʻoili ʻikepili i 200 Gbps i hoʻokahi kahawai ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā kumukūʻai. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻenehana photonics silicon i ka mākeke transceiver optical, ma muli o ka hiki ke hana nui ʻia nā kiʻi silika me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina CMOS makua. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo SOI electro-optic modulators e hilinaʻi nei i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka mea lawe e kū nei i nā pilikia nui i ka bandwidth, ka hoʻohana mana, ka lawe manuahi manuahi a me ka modulation nonlinearity. ʻO nā ala ʻenehana ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻoihana ʻo InP, kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni lithium niobate LNOI, electro-optical polymers, a me nā mea hoʻonā hoʻohui heterogeneous multi-platform. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo LNOI ka hopena e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ka hana maikaʻi loa i ka ultra-high speed a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa modulation, akā naʻe, i kēia manawa aia kekahi mau pilikia e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana nui a me ke kumukūʻai. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻokumu ka hui i kahi kiʻi lahilahi lithium tantalate (LTOI) i hoʻohui pū ʻia me nā waiwai photoelectric maikaʻi loa a me ka hana nui, i manaʻo ʻia e kūlike a ʻoi aku paha i ka hana o ka lithium niobate a me ka silicon optical platforms i nā noi he nui. Eia naʻe, a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea nui okamaʻilio ʻike maka, ka ultra-high speed electro-optic modulator, ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ma LTOI.

I loko o kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻolālā mua nā mea noiʻi i ka LTOI electro-optic modulator, ke ʻano o ia mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 1. Ma o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia papa o ka lithium tantalate ma ka insulator a me nā palena o ka electrode microwave, ka hoʻolaha. ka wikiwiki o ka microwave a me ka nalu māmā i kaelectro-optical modulatorʻike ʻia. Ma ke ʻano o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nalowale o ka microwave electrode, ua noi nā mea noiʻi ma kēia hana no ka manawa mua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kālā ma ke ʻano he mea electrode me ka conductivity maikaʻi aʻe, a ua hōʻike ʻia ka electrode kālā e hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka microwave i 82% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hoʻohana nui ʻia ka electrode gula.

FIG. 1 LTOI electro-optic modulator structure, phase matching design, microwave electrode loss test.

FIG. Hōʻike ka 2 i nā mea hoʻokolohua a me nā hopena o ka LTOI electro-optic modulator nohoʻololi ʻia ka ikaikaʻike pololei (IMDD) i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio optical. Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua e hiki i ka LTOI electro-optic modulator ke hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona PAM8 ma kahi helu hōʻailona o 176 GBd me kahi BER o 3.8 × 10⁻² ma lalo o ka paepae 25% SD-FEC. No nā 200 GBd PAM4 a me 208 GBd PAM2, ua emi loa ka BER ma mua o ka paepae o 15% SD-FEC a me 7% HD-FEC. ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka maka a me ka histogram ma ke Kiʻi 3 e hōʻike ana i ka LTOI electro-optic modulator hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio kiʻekiʻe me ka linearity kiʻekiʻe a me ka hapa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

FIG. 2 E ho'āʻo me ka LTOI electro-optic modulator noHoʻololi ʻia ka ikaikaʻIke pololei (IMDD) ma ka ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio optical (a) mea hoʻokolohua; (b) ʻO ka helu hapa hapa i ana ʻia (BER) o nā hōʻailona PAM8(ʻulaʻula), PAM4 ('ōmaʻomaʻo) a me PAM2 (uliuli) ma ke ʻano he hana o ka helu hōʻailona; (c) Wehe ʻia ka helu ʻike hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia (AIR, laina dashed) a me ka helu ʻikepili pūnaewele pili (NDR, laina paʻa) no nā ana me nā helu helu bit-error ma lalo o ka palena 25% SD-FEC; (d) Nā palapala ʻāina maka a me nā histograms helu ma lalo o ka modulation PAM2, PAM4, PAM8.

Hōʻike kēia hana i ka modulator electro-optic LTOI kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka bandwidth 3 dB o 110 GHz. I ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻololi pololei ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻoili IMDD, loaʻa ka hāmeʻa i hoʻokahi helu ʻikepili ʻupena o 405 Gbit/s, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hana maikaʻi loa o nā kahua electro-optical e like me LNOI a me plasma modulators. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻohana i ka paʻakikīIQ modulatornā hoʻolālā a i ʻole nā ​​ʻenehana hoʻoponopono hewa hōʻailona ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā substrate poho microwave haʻahaʻa e like me nā substrates quartz, manaʻo ʻia nā mea hana lithium tantalate e hoʻokō i nā helu kamaʻilio o 2 Tbit/s a ʻoi aku paha. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me nā pono kikoʻī o LTOI, e like me ka birefringence haʻahaʻa a me ka hopena pālākiō ma muli o kāna noi ākea ma nā mākeke kānana RF ʻē aʻe, e hāʻawi ka ʻenehana photonics lithium tantalate i nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa a me nā hopena kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no ka hanauna kiʻekiʻe. - nā pūnaewele kamaʻilio optical wikiwiki a me nā ʻōnaehana photonics microwave.