ʻO kekahi o nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o kahi modulator optical ʻo ia kona wikiwiki modulation a i ʻole bandwidth, kahi e like me ka wikiwiki o nā mea uila i loaʻa. Ua hōʻike mua ʻia nā transistors nona nā alapine transit ma luna o 100 GHz ma ka ʻenehana silicon 90 nm, a e hoʻonui hou ʻia ka wikiwiki i ka wā e hoʻemi ʻia ai ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi [1]. Eia nō naʻe, ua kaupalena ʻia ka bandwidth o nā modulators e pili ana i ka silicon o kēia wā. ʻAʻohe χ(2)-nonlinearity o Silicon ma muli o kona ʻano crystalline centro-symmetric. Ua alakaʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka silicon strained i nā hopena hoihoi [2], akā ʻaʻole ʻae nā nonlinearities i nā mea hana. No laila, hilinaʻi mau nā modulators photonic silicon state-of-the art i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mea lawe manuahi ma nā pn a i ʻole nā hui pin [3–5]. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hui biased forward e hōʻike i kahi huahana lōʻihi voltage e like me VπL = 0.36 V mm, akā ua kaupalena ʻia ka wikiwiki modulation e nā dynamics o nā mea lawe liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻohua ʻia nā helu ʻikepili o 10 Gbit/s me ke kōkua o ka hoʻokūpaʻa mua ʻana o ka hōʻailona uila [4]. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui hoʻohuli hope ʻia, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka bandwidth i kahi o 30 GHz [5,6], akā ua piʻi ka huahana voltagelength i VπL = 40 V mm. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo ia mau modulators phase hopena plasma e hana i ka modulation ikaika i makemake ʻole ʻia [7], a pane lākou i ka nonlinearly i ka voltage i hoʻopili ʻia. ʻO nā ʻano modulation holomua e like me QAM e koi ana, akā naʻe, i kahi pane linear a me ka modulation phase maʻemaʻe, e hana ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena electro-optic (Pockels effect [8]) i makemake nui ʻia.
2. Ke ʻano hana SOH
I kēia mau lā iho nei, ua manaʻo ʻia ke ʻano hana silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) [9–12]. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi laʻana o kahi modulator SOH ma ke Kiʻi 1(a). Aia ia me kahi waveguide slot e alakaʻi ana i ke kahua optical, a me ʻelua mau ʻāpana silicon e hoʻopili uila ana i ka waveguide optical i nā electrodes metala. Aia nā electrodes ma waho o ke kahua modal optical e pale aku i nā pohō optical [13], Kiʻi 1(b). Ua uhi ʻia ka hāmeʻa me kahi mea organik electro-optic e hoʻopiha like ana i ka slot. Lawe ʻia ka volta modulating e ka waveguide uila metala a hāʻule i lalo ma waena o ka slot mahalo i nā ʻāpana silicon conductive. A laila hoʻololi ke kahua uila hopena i ka index of refraction i loko o ka slot ma o ka hopena electro-optic wikiwiki loa. ʻOiai he laulā ka slot ma ke ʻano o 100 nm, ua lawa kekahi mau volts e hana i nā kahua modulating ikaika loa e like me ke ʻano o ka ikaika dielectric o ka hapa nui o nā mea. Loaʻa i ka hale kahi pono modulation kiʻekiʻe no ka mea ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kahua modulating a me nā optical i loko o ka slot, Kiʻi 1(b) [14]. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻike mua ʻia nā hoʻokō mua o nā modulators SOH me ka hana sub-volt [11], a ua hōʻike ʻia ka modulation sinusoidal a hiki i ka 40 GHz [15,16]. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pilikia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā modulators SOH wikiwiki haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i kahi kaula hoʻohui conductive kiʻekiʻe. Ma kahi kaapuni like hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ke slot e kahi capacitor C a me nā kaula conductive e nā resistors R, Fig. 1(b). ʻO ke kūpaʻa manawa RC e pili ana e hoʻoholo i ka bandwidth o ka hāmeʻa [10,14,17,18]. I mea e hoʻemi ai i ke kū'ē R, ua manaʻo ʻia e dope i nā kaula silicon [10,14]. ʻOiai ʻo ka doping e hoʻonui ai i ka conductivity o nā kaula silicon (a no laila e hoʻonui ai i nā pohō optical), uku kekahi i kahi uku pohō hou no ka mea ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka electron e ka hoʻopuehu haumia [10,14,19]. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike nā hoʻāʻo hana hou loa i ka conductivity haʻahaʻa i manaʻo ʻole ʻia.
ʻO Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. aia ma ke awāwa ʻo "Silicon Valley" ma Kina - ʻo Beijing Zhongguancun, he ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka lawelawe ʻana i nā ʻoihana noiʻi kūloko a me nā ʻāina ʻē, nā ʻoihana noiʻi, nā kulanui a me nā limahana noiʻi ʻepekema ʻoihana. Ke komo nui nei kā mākou hui i ka noiʻi kūʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka hoʻolālā, ka hana ʻana, ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā huahana optoelectronic, a hāʻawi i nā hoʻonā hou a me nā lawelawe ʻoihana, pilikino no nā mea noiʻi ʻepekema a me nā ʻenekinia ʻoihana. Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hana hou kūʻokoʻa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi moʻo waiwai a kūpono hoʻi o nā huahana photoelectric, i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke kūlanakauhale, ka pūʻali koa, ka halihali, ka mana uila, ke kālā, ka hoʻonaʻauao, ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
Ke kakali nei mākou i ka laulima ʻana me ʻoe!
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-29-2023