ʻO ka ʻike o nā optics linear a me nonlinear

ʻO ka ʻike o nā optics linear a me nā optics nonlinear

Ma muli o ka launa pū ʻana o ka māmā me ka mea, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā optics i nā optics linear (LO) a me nā optics nonlinear (NLO). ʻO ka linear optics (LO) ke kumu o nā optics maʻamau, e kālele ana i nā pilina laina o ka māmā. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, hana ʻia nā optics nonlinear (NLO) i ka wā ʻaʻole i kūlike ka ikaika o ka māmā i ka pane optical o ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui ma lalo o nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā lasers.

Linear Optical (LO)
I LO, pili ka malamalama me ka mea ma ka ikaika haʻahaʻa, maʻamau e pili ana i hoʻokahi photon no ka atom a i ʻole mole. ʻO kēia ka launa pū ʻana me ka liʻiliʻi o ka distortion o ke ʻano atomic a i ʻole molecular state, e waiho ana ma kona ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia. ʻO ka loina kumu ma LO, ʻo ka dipole i hoʻokomo ʻia e ke kahua uila e pili pono i ka ikaika kahua. No laila, hoʻokō ʻo LO i nā loina o ka superposition a me ka additivity. Wahi a ka manaʻo superposition i ka wā e hoʻokau ʻia ai kahi ʻōnaehana i nā hawewe electromagnetic he nui, ua like ka huina pane me ka huina o nā pane pākahi i kēlā me kēia nalu. Hōʻike like ka Additivity e hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka pane holoʻokoʻa o kahi ʻōnaehana optical paʻakikī ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā pane o kāna mau mea ponoʻī. Linearity ma LO 'o ia ho'i, ua mau ke 'ano o ka māmā e like me ka ho'ololi 'ana o ka ikaika - ua like ka puka 'ana me ka ho'okomo. Eia kekahi, ma LO, ʻaʻohe hui pinepine, no laila e hoʻomau ke kukui e hele ana i loko o ia ʻōnaehana i kona alapine inā paha e hoʻonui a hoʻololi paha. Loaʻa i nā laʻana o LO ka launa pū ʻana o ke kukui me nā mea ʻano opipika maʻamau e like me nā lens, nā aniani, nā papa hawewe, a me nā grating diffraction.

ʻOtika ʻole Linear (NLO)
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo NLO e kāna pane ʻole linear i ke kukui ikaika, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe kahi i like ʻole ai ka hoʻopuka me ka ikaika hoʻokomo. I ka NLO, hui pū nā kiʻi he nui me ka mea i ka manawa like, ka hopena o ka hui ʻana o ka mālamalama a me nā loli i ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi refractive. ʻAʻole like i loko o LO, kahi e mau ai ke ʻano māmā me ka nānā ʻole i ka ikaika, ʻike wale ʻia nā hopena laina ʻole i ka ikaika māmā loa. Ma kēia ʻano ikaika, ʻaʻole pili nā lula e hoʻokele maʻamau i nā pilina māmā, e like me ke kumu superposition, a hiki i ka ʻūhā ponoʻī ke ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka nonlinearity i ka pilina ma waena o ka māmā a me ka mea e hiki ai i ka pilina ma waena o nā alapine māmā like ʻole, ka hopena i nā hanana e like me ka hanauna harmonic, a me ka hui a me ka ʻokoʻa. Eia kekahi, komo nā optics nonlinear i nā kaʻina hana parametric kahi e hāʻawi hou ʻia ai ka ikehu māmā e hana i nā alapine hou, e like me ka ʻike ʻia i ka hoʻonui a me ka oscillation parametric. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ponoʻī, kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai ke kaʻina o ka nalu māmā e kona ikaika ponoʻī - he hopena e pāʻani nui i ke kamaʻilio optical.

ʻO ka launa pū ʻana o nā mea māmā i nā optics linear a me nonlinear
I LO, i ka wā e launa pū ai ka malamalama me kekahi mea, pili pono ka pane o ka mea i ka ikaika o ka malamalama. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, pili ka NLO i nā mea e pane ʻaʻole wale i ka ikaika o ka māmā, akā i nā ʻano paʻakikī. Ke paʻi ke kukui kiʻekiʻe i kahi mea laina ʻole, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā kala hou a hoʻololi paha i ke kukui ma nā ʻano maʻamau. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kukui ʻulaʻula i ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pane ʻana o ka mea ma mua o ka hoʻololi like ʻana - hiki ke komo i ka pālua pinepine a i ʻole nā ​​pilina paʻakikī. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia ʻano i kahi hoʻonohonoho paʻakikī o nā hopena optical i ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā mea laina maʻamau.

Nā hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana optical linear a me nonlinear
Hoʻopili ʻo LO i kahi ākea o nā ʻenehana optical i hoʻohana nui ʻia, e like me nā lens, nā aniani, nā papa hawewe, a me nā grating diffraction. Hāʻawi ia i kahi papa hana maʻalahi a me ka helu no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mālamalama i ka hapa nui o nā ʻōnaehana optical. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea hana e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka manawa a me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale beam ma LO, a ua ulu ke kahua a hiki i kahi i loaʻa ai ka hanohano LO. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau kaʻapuni he mau mea hana multi-functional, me nā noi ma nā wahi e like me ka microwave a me ka quantum optical signal processing a me ka puka ʻana o bioheuristic computing architectures. He mea hou ʻo NLO a ua hoʻololi i nā ʻano hana like ʻole ma o kāna mau noi like ʻole. Ma ke kahua o ke kelepona, he hana koʻikoʻi ia i nā ʻōnaehana fiber optic, e pili ana i nā palena o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mana laser. Loaʻa nā mea hana analytical mai NLO ma o nā ʻenehana microscopy kiʻekiʻe e like me ka microscopy confocal, e hāʻawi ana i nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻonui pū ʻo NLO i nā lasers ma ka ʻae ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lasers hou a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā waiwai optical. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou i nā ʻenehana kiʻi optical no ka hoʻohana lāʻau lapaʻau ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano like me ka lua-harmonic generation a me ka fluorescence ʻelua-photon. I loko o nā biophotonics, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo NLO i ke kiʻi hohonu o nā ʻiʻo me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōʻino a hāʻawi i ka lepili ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa biochemical manuahi. Loaʻa ka ʻenehana terahertz kiʻekiʻe o ke kula, e hiki ai ke hoʻopuka i nā pulse terahertz manawa hoʻokahi. Ma ka quantum optics, hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā hopena nonlinear i ke kamaʻilio quantum ma o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea hoʻololi alapine a me nā mea like photon entangled. Eia hou, ua kōkua nā hana hou a NLO i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana iā Brillouin i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka microwave a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka māhele māmā. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, hoʻomau ka NLO i ka pana ʻana i nā palena o ka ʻenehana a me ka noiʻi ma nā ʻano aʻoaʻo like ʻole.

Linear a me nonlinear optics a me kā lākou mau hopena no nā ʻenehana holomua
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka Optics i nā noi o kēlā me kēia lā a me nā ʻenehana holomua. Hāʻawi ʻo LO i ke kumu no nā ʻōnaehana optical maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻo NLO e hoʻokau i nā mea hou i nā wahi e like me ke kelepona, microscopy, ʻenehana laser, a me nā biophotonics. ʻO nā holomua hou ma NLO, ʻoiai e pili ana i nā mea ʻelua-dimensional, ua loaʻa ka manaʻo nui ma muli o kā lākou mau noi ʻenehana a me ka ʻepekema. Ke ʻimi nei nō hoʻi nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i nā mea hou e like me nā kiko quantum ma o ka nānā ʻana i ka sequential o nā waiwai linear a me nonlinear. Ke holomua nei ka noiʻi, he mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻike hui ʻana o LO a me NLO i ka hoʻokau ʻana i nā palena o ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hiki o ka ʻepekema optical.