ʻIkepili o nā optics linear a me nonlinear

ʻIkepili o nā optics linear a me nā optics nonlinear

Ma muli o ka launa pū ʻana o ke kukui me nā mea, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā optics i nā linear optics (LO) a me nā nonlinear optics (NLO). ʻO Linear optics (LO) ke kumu o nā optics kuʻuna, e kālele ana i nā pilina linear o ke kukui. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, loaʻa nā nonlinear optics (NLO) i ka wā ʻaʻole kūlike ka ikaika o ke kukui i ka pane optical o ka mea, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe-glare, e like me nā lasers.

ʻIke Linear (LO)
Ma LO, launa pū ka mālamalama me nā mea ma nā ikaika haʻahaʻa, maʻamau e pili ana i hoʻokahi photon no kēlā me kēia ʻātoma a i ʻole molekala. ʻO kēia pilina ka hopena o ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ke kūlana atomika a molekala paha, e noho ana i kona kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe hoʻopilikia. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo kumu ma LO, ʻo ka dipole i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi kahua uila e pili pono ana i ka ikaika o ke kahua. No laila, hoʻokō ʻo LO i nā kumumanaʻo o ka superposition a me ka additivity. ʻŌlelo ke kumumanaʻo superposition i ka wā e hoʻopilikia ʻia ai kahi ʻōnaehana i nā nalu electromagnetic he nui, ua like ka pane holoʻokoʻa me ka huina o nā pane pākahi i kēlā me kēia nalu. Hōʻike like ka Additivity e hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka pane holoʻokoʻa o kahi ʻōnaehana optical paʻakikī ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā pane o kāna mau mea pākahi. ʻO ke ʻano linearity ma LO ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o ka mālamalama e like me ka loli ʻana o ka ikaika - ua like ka hopena me ka hoʻokomo. Eia kekahi, ma LO, ʻaʻohe hui alapine, no laila ʻo ka mālamalama e hele ana ma ia ʻōnaehana e mālama i kona alapine ʻoiai inā e hana ʻia ka amplification a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pae. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o LO e pili ana i ka launa pū ʻana o ka mālamalama me nā mea optical kumu e like me nā aniani, nā aniani, nā papa nalu, a me nā gratings diffraction.

Nā Optika Nonlinear (NLO)
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo NLO e kāna pane nonlinear i ka mālamalama ikaika, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana ikaika kiʻekiʻe kahi i kūlike ʻole ai ka hopena me ka ikaika hoʻokomo. Ma NLO, launa pū nā photons he nui me ka mea i ka manawa like, e hopena ana i ka hui ʻana o ka mālamalama a me nā loli i ka index refractive. ʻAʻole like me LO, kahi e mau ai ke ʻano o ka mālamalama me ka nānā ʻole i ka ikaika, ʻike wale ʻia nā hopena nonlinear ma nā ikaika kukui koʻikoʻi. Ma kēia ikaika, ʻaʻole pili hou nā lula e hoʻomalu mau ana i nā pilina mālamalama, e like me ke kumumanaʻo superposition, a hiki i ka vacuum ponoʻī ke hana nonlinearly. ʻO ka nonlinearity i ka pilina ma waena o ka mālamalama a me ka mea e ʻae i ka pilina ma waena o nā alapine kukui like ʻole, e hopena ana i nā hanana e like me ka hanauna harmonic, a me ka huina a me ka hanauna alapine ʻokoʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā optics nonlinear e komo pū me nā kaʻina hana parametric kahi e hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ai ka ikehu mālamalama e hana i nā alapine hou, e like me ka ʻike ʻia ma ka amplification parametric a me ka oscillation. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ka modulation self-phase, kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai ke kahua o kahi nalu mālamalama e kona ikaika ponoʻī - kahi hopena e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ke kamaʻilio optical.

Nā pilina māmā-mea i nā optics linear a me nonlinear
Ma LO, i ka wā e launa pū ai ke kukui me kahi mea, ua kūlike pololei ka pane o ka mea i ka ikaika o ke kukui. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, pili ʻo NLO i nā mea e pane ʻole wale i ka ikaika o ke kukui, akā ma nā ʻano paʻakikī. Ke paʻi ke kukui ikaika kiʻekiʻe i kahi mea nonlinear, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā kala hou a hoʻololi paha i ke kukui ma nā ʻano maʻamau. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kukui ʻulaʻula i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pane o ka mea ma mua o kahi loli kūlike - hiki ke komo pū me ka pālua pinepine a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​pilina paʻakikī ʻē aʻe. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia ʻano i kahi hui paʻakikī o nā hopena optical i ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā mea linear maʻamau.

Nā noi o nā ʻano hana optical linear a me nonlinear
Uhi ʻo LO i kahi ākea o nā ʻenehana optical i hoʻohana nui ʻia, me nā aniani, nā aniani, nā papa nalu, a me nā gratings diffraction. Hāʻawi ia i kahi ʻōnaehana maʻalahi a hiki ke helu ʻia no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mālamalama i ka hapa nui o nā ʻōnaehana optical. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea hana e like me nā mea hoʻololi pae a me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale beam i LO, a ua ulu ke kahua a hiki i kahi i loaʻa ai ka kaulana o nā kaapuni LO. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau kaapuni i kēia manawa he mau mea hana multi-functional, me nā noi ma nā wahi e like me ka microwave a me ka hana hōʻailona optical quantum a me nā hoʻolālā helu bioheuristic e kū mai ana. He mea hou ʻo NLO a ua hoʻololi i nā kahua like ʻole ma o kāna mau noi like ʻole. Ma ke kahua o ke kelepona ʻana, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i nā ʻōnaehana fiber optic, e hoʻopilikia ana i nā palena hoʻoili ʻikepili i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mana laser. Loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi o nā mea hana analytical mai NLO ma o nā ʻenehana microscopy holomua e like me ka microscopy confocal, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ke kiʻi kiʻekiʻe, localized. Hoʻonui pū ʻo NLO i nā lasers ma ka hiki ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā lasers hou a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā waiwai optical. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi pū ia i nā ʻenehana kiʻi optical no ka hoʻohana lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano e like me ka hanauna lua-harmonic a me ka fluorescence ʻelua-photon. I loko o ka biophotonics, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo NLO i ke kiʻi hohonu o nā ʻiʻo me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōʻino a hāʻawi i ka lepili ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa biochemical manuahi. Loaʻa i ke kahua ka ʻenehana terahertz holomua, e hiki ai ke hana i nā pulse terahertz hoʻokahi manawa ikaika. I loko o nā optics quantum, hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā hopena nonlinear i ka kamaʻilio quantum ma o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā mea hoʻololi alapine a me nā photon entangled equivalents. Eia kekahi, ua kōkua nā hana hou a NLO i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o Brillouin me ka hana microwave a me ka conjugation phase light. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hoʻomau ʻo NLO i ka hoʻokuke ʻana i nā palena o ka ʻenehana a me ka noiʻi ma nā ʻano aʻo like ʻole.

ʻO nā optics linear a me nonlinear a me ko lākou hopena no nā ʻenehana holomua
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā Optics i nā noi o kēlā me kēia lā a me nā ʻenehana holomua. Hāʻawi ʻo LO i ke kumu no nā ʻōnaehana optical maʻamau he nui, ʻoiai ʻo NLO ke hoʻokele nei i ka hana hou ma nā wahi e like me ke kelepona, ka microscopy, ka ʻenehana laser, a me ka biophotonics. Ua loaʻa i nā holomua hou i ka NLO, ʻoiai e pili ana i nā mea ʻelua-dimensional, ka nui o ka nānā ʻana ma muli o kā lākou mau noi ʻoihana a me ka ʻepekema. Ke ʻimi nei nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā mea hou e like me nā kiko quantum ma o ka nānā ʻana i nā waiwai linear a me nonlinear. I ka holomua ʻana o ka noiʻi, he mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana o LO a me NLO i ka hoʻokuke ʻana i nā palena o ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hiki o ka ʻepekema optical.